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We develop a gauge-invariant renormalized mean-field theory (RMFT) to reliably find the quantum spin liquid (QSL) states and their field response for realistic Kitaev materials under strong magnetic fields and described by the generalized…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-01-06 Po-Hao Chou , Chung-Yu Mou , Chung-Hou Chung , Sungkit Yip

The Kitaev quantum spin liquid (KSL) is a theoretically predicted state of matter whose fractionalized quasiparticles are distinct from bosonic magnons, the fundamental excitation in ordered magnets. The layered honeycomb antiferromagnet…

In this computational study, we explore a viable route to access the Kitaev-Quantum Spin Liquid (QSL) state in recently synthesized monolayer of a so-called spin-orbit assisted Mott insulator OsCl$_3$. In addition to other magnetic ground…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-01-14 Qiangqiang Gu , Shishir Kumar Pandey , Yihao Lin

The main question we address is how to probe the fractionalized excitations of a quantum spin liquid (QSL), for example, in the Kitaev honeycomb model. By analyzing the energy spectrum and entanglement entropy, for antiferromagnetic…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-05-08 David C. Ronquillo , Adu Vengal , Nandini Trivedi

The Kitaev model on a honeycomb lattice predicts a paradigmatic quantum spin liquid (QSL) exhibiting Majorana Fermion excitations. The insight that Kitaev physics might be realized in practice has stimulated investigations of candidate…

Kitaev magnets have emerged as pivotal systems for investigating frustrated magnetism, providing a unique platform to explore quantum phases governed by the interplay between bond-dependent anisotropy and external magnetic fields. However,…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-01-13 Shuai Liu , Hao Wu , Jinbin Li , Xiaoqun Wang , Qiang Luo

In the Kitaev magnet $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$, the existence of a magnetic-field-induced quantum spin liquid phase and of anyonic excitations are discussed controversially. We address this elusive, exotic phase via helicity-dependent Raman…

A decade ago, Alexei Kitaev proposed an exactly solvable $S$ = 1/2 model on a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice, where the spins fractionalize into Majorana fermions and form a topological quantum spin liquid (QSL) in the ground state. It…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-01-21 Hidenori Takagi , Tomohiro Takayama , George Jackeli , Giniyat Khaliullin , Stephen E. Nagler

The quantum spin liquid (QSL) state has been searched intensively in Kitaev-like materials, such as the Iridium oxides $A_2$IrO$_3$ and $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$. The half-filled Kitaev-Hubbard model with bond dependent hopping terms is used to…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-10-06 Shaojun Dong , Hao Zhang , Chao Wang , Meng Zhang , Yong-Jian Han , Lixin He

The Kitaev quantum spin liquid (QSL) on the two-dimensional honeycomb lattice epitomizes an entangled topological state, where the spins fractionalize into Majorana fermions. This state has aroused tremendous interest because it harbors…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-12-12 S. Suetsugu , Y. Ukai , M. Shimomura , M. Kamimura , T. Asaba , Y. Kasahara , N. Kurita , H. Tanaka , T. Shibauchi , J. Nasu , Y. Motome , Y. Matsuda

$\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ has been extensively studied recently because of potential bond-dependent Kitaev magnetic exchange interactions and the resulting quantum spin liquid phase that can be realized therein. It has been known that the covalency…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-01-13 Heung-Sik Kim

The spin-orbit assisted Mott insulator $\alpha$-RuCl3 is proximate to the coveted quantum spin liquid (QSL) predicted by the Kitaev model. In the search for the pure Kitaev QSL, reducing the dimensionality of this frustrated magnet by…

The Kitaev model, whose ground state is a quantum spin liquid (QSL), was originally conceived for spin $S=1/2$ moments on a honeycomb lattice. In recent years, the model has been extended to higher $S$ from both theoretical and experimental…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-11-30 Kiyu Fukui , Yasuyuki Kato , Joji Nasu , Yukitoshi Motome

Quantum spin liquids (QSLs) are long-range entangled phases of frustrated magnets exhibiting fractionalized spin excitations. In two dimensions, there is limited analytical understanding of their excitation spectra beyond parton mean-field…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-08-01 Josef Willsher , Johannes Knolle

Unambiguous identification of the Kitaev quantum spin liquid (QSL) in materials remains a huge challenge despite many encouraging signs from various measurements. To facilitate the experimental detection of the Kitaev QSL, here we propose…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-05-24 Saikat Banerjee , Shi-Zeng Lin

Recent experiments reveal that the honeycomb ruthenium trichloride {\alpha}-RuCl3 is a prime candidate of the Kitaev quantum spin liquid (QSL). However, there is no theoretical model which can properly describe its experimental dynamical…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-08-16 Y. S. Hou , H. J. Xiang , X. G. Gong

Quantum spin liquids can arise from Kitaev magnetic interactions, and exhibit fractionalized excitations with the potential for a topological form of quantum computation. This review surveys recent experimental and theoretical progress on…

Motivated by recent experiments on $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$, we investigate a possible quantum spin liquid ground state of the honeycomb-lattice spin model with bond-dependent interactions. We consider the $K-\Gamma$ model, where $K$ and $\Gamma$…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-02-15 Matthias Gohlke , Gideon Wachtel , Youhei Yamaji , Frank Pollmann , Yong Baek Kim

We present comprehensive inelastic neutron spectroscopic maps of the magnetic field-induced disordered phase of the Kitaev quantum spin liquid candidate material $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$. For fields along both in-plane high-symmetry directions we…

We investigate the quantum spin liquid (QSL) ground state of anisotropic Kitaev model with antiferromagnetic (AFM) coupling under the $[001]$ magnetic field with the finite-temperature Lanczos method (FTLM). In this anisotropic AFM Kitaev…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-06-29 Shi-Qing Jia , Ya-Min Quan , Hai-Qing Lin , Liang-Jian Zou