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Temperature uncertainty of a quantum system in canonical ensemble is inversely determined by its energy fluctuation, which is known as the temperature-energy uncertainty relation. No such uncertainty relation was discovered for a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-03 Ning Zhang , Si-Yuan Bai , Chong Chen

Recent research has considered the stochastic thermodynamics of multiple interacting systems, representing the overall system as a Bayes net. I derive fluctuation theorems governing the entropy production (EP)of arbitrary sets of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-09-01 David H. Wolpert

For continuous-time Markov jump processes on irreducible networks with time-independent rate constants, we employ a transition-based formalism to express the long-time precision of a single integrated current over an observable channel in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-25 Alberto Garilli , Diego Frezzato

Two widely used model-free lower bounds on the steady-state entropy production rate of a continuous-time Markov jump process are the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) bound $\sigma_\text{TUR}$, derived from the mean and variance of a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-01-08 Jie Gu

As a fundamental measure of stability in nonequilibrium thermodynamics, fluctuations provide critical insight into the performance and reliability of heat engines. In this work, we establish universal fluctuation-dissipation bounds that…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-01-13 Ousi Pan , Zhiqiang Fan , Shunjie Zhang , Jie Li , Jincan Chen , Shanhe Su

The uncertainty principle restricts our ability to simultaneously predict the measurement outcomes of two incompatible observables of a quantum particle. However, this uncertainty could be reduced and quantified by a new Entropic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-23 Lijuan Jia , Zehua Tian , Jiliang Jing

The energy of a finite system thermally connected to a thermal reservoir may fluctuate, while the temperature is a constant representing a thermodynamic property of the reservoir. The finite system can also be used as a thermometer for the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-28 M. Falcioni , A. Puglisi , A. Sarracino , D. Villamaina , A. Vulpiani

The underlying mechanism in the implementation of unitary operation on a system with an external apparatus is studied. We implement the unitary time evolution in the system as a physical phenomenon that results from the interaction between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-17 Hiroyasu Tajima , Naoto Shiraishi , Keiji Saito

We derive a thermodynamic uncertainty relation for general open quantum dynamics, described by a joint unitary evolution on a composite system comprising a system and an environment. By measuring the environmental state after the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-01-06 Yoshihiko Hasegawa

Fluctuation theorems make use of time reversal to make predictions about entropy production in many-body systems far from thermal equilibrium. Here we review the wide variety of distinct, but interconnected, relations that have been derived…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-08-02 R. J. Harris , G. M. Schütz

Thermodynamic uncertainty relation, quantifying a trade-off among average current, the associated fluctuation (precision), and entropy production (cost), has been formulated in nonequilibrium steady state and various stochastic systems.…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-03-31 Jincheng Lu , Zi Wang , Jiebin Peng , Chen Wang , Jian-Hua Jiang , Jie Ren

The kinetic uncertainty relation (KUR) is a trade-off relation between the precision of an observable and the mean dynamical activity in a fixed time interval for a time-homogeneous and continuous-time Markov chain. In this letter, we…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-05-26 Ken Hiura , Shin-ichi Sasa

Fluctuation theorems, which have been developed over the past 15 years, have resulted in fundamental breakthroughs in our understanding of how irreversibility emerges from reversible dynamics, and have provided new statistical mechanical…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-13 E. M. Sevick , R. Prabhakar , Stephen R. Williams , Debra J. Searles

Fluctuation Theorems are statements about the entropy of systems far from thermal equilibrium. In this Letter relativistic Fluctuation Theorems for Brownian motion are presented and proven. Though there is a known discretization dilemma…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Axel Fingerle

We analyze thermodynamic bounds on equilibrium fluctuations of an order parameter, which are analogous to relations, which have been derived recently in the context of non-equilibrium fluctuations of currents. We discuss the case of {\it…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-12-14 J. Guioth , D. Lacoste

The Fluctuation Relation (FR) is an asymptotic result on the distribution of certain observables averaged over time intervals T as T goes to infinity and it is a generalization of the fluctuation--dissipation theorem to far from equilibrium…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 A. Giuliani , F. Zamponi , G. Gallavotti

Lower bounds on fluctuations of thermodynamic currents depend on the nature of time: discrete or continuous. To understand the physical reason, we compare current fluctuations in discrete-time Markov chains and continuous-time master…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-03-21 Davide Chiuchiù , Simone Pigolotti

The thermodynamic uncertainty relation gives a lower bound on the amount of dissipation in a mesoscopic system. By considering the fluctuations in the hysteresis of the current -- the sum of the currents in the time-forward and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-09-04 Karel Proesmans , Jordan M. Horowitz

We establish the fluctuation theorem in the presence of information exchange between a nonequilibrium system and other degrees of freedom such as an observer and a feedback controller, where the amount of information exchange is added to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-05 Takahiro Sagawa , Masahito Ueda

It is done by introducing of an additional term proportional to the interior energy into the standard thermodynamic uncertainty relation that leads to existence of the lower limit of inverse temperature

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 A. E. Shalyt-Margolin , A. Ya. Tregubovich