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To reveal the role of the quantumness in the Otto cycle and to discuss the validity of the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) in the cycle, we study the quantum Otto cycle and its classical counterpart. In particular, we calculate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-10 Sangyun Lee , Meesoon Ha , Hawoong Jeong

The thermodynamic uncertainty relation is an inequality stating that it is impossible to attain higher precision than the bound defined by entropy production. In statistical inference theory, information inequalities assert that it is…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-06-26 Yoshihiko Hasegawa , Tan Van Vu

We use the quantum Brownian model to derive the uncertainty relation for a quantum open system. We examine how the fluctuations of a quantum system evolve after it is brought in contact with a heat bath at finite temperature. We study the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 B. L. Hu , Yuhong Zhang

The non-equilibrium dynamics of quantum many-body systems is one of the most fascinating problems in physics. Open questions range from how they relax to equilibrium to how to extract useful work from them. A critical point lies in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-23 J. Mur-Petit , A. Relaño , R. A. Molina , D. Jaksch

Fluctuation relations are powerful equalities that hold far from equilibrium. However, the standard approach to include measurement and feedback schemes may become inapplicable in certain situations, including continuous measurements,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-09-05 Patrick P. Potts , Peter Samuelsson

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations unveil useful connections between fluctuations in thermal systems and entropy production. This work extends these ideas to the disparate field of \textit{zero temperature} quantum mesoscopic physics where…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-01-05 Ariane Soret , Ohad Shpielberg , Eric Akkermans

We investigate a two-qubit SWAP thermal machine -- a streamlined analogue of the four-stroke Otto cycle -- whose working medium comprises inertially moving Unruh-DeWitt qubit detectors, each coupled to a thermal quantum field bath prepared…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-13 Dimitris Moustos , Obinna Abah

Indirect measurement can be used to read out the outcome of a quantum system without resorting to a straightforward approach, and it is the foundation of the measurement uncertainty relations that explain the incompatibility of conjugate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-09 Ryo Mihashi , Yoshihiko Hasegawa

Thermodynamics is usually formulated on the presumption that the observer has complete information about the system he/she deals with: no parasitic current, exact evaluation of the forces that drive the system. For example, the acclaimed…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-12-15 Matteo Polettini , Massimiliano Esposito

Of indisputable relevance for non-equilibrium thermodynamics, fluctuations theorems have been generalized to the framework of quantum thermodynamics, with the notion of work playing a key role in such contexts. The typical approach consists…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-28 Thales Augusto Barbosa Pinto Silva , Renato Moreira Angelo

Recent years have witnessed a surge of discoveries in the studies of thermodynamic inequalities: the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) and the entropic bound (EB) provide a lower bound on the entropy production (EP) in terms of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-08-06 Euijoon Kwon , Jong-Min Park , Jae Sung Lee , Yongjoo Baek

The Boltzmann distribution for an equilibrium system constrains the statistics of the system by the energetics. Despite the non-equilibrium generalization of the Boltzmann distribution being studied extensively, a unified framework valid…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-11-05 Atul Tanaji Mohite , Heiko Rieger

Stochastic thermodynamics is the field of study relating fluctuations in stochastic systems to thermodynamic quantities. The total entropy production (EP), is central to the thermodynamic classification of systems. Non-equilibrium systems…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-08-05 Lars Torbjørn Stutzer

We derive bounds to the thermodynamic uncertainty relations in the linear-response regime for steady-state transport in two-terminal systems when time reversal symmetry is broken. We find that such bounds are different for charge and heat…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-09-26 Fabio Taddei , Rosario Fazio

The intuition that the precision of observables is constrained by thermodynamic costs has recently been formalized through thermodynamic and kinetic uncertainty relations. While such trade-offs have been extensively studied in Markovian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Tan Van Vu , Ryotaro Honma , Keiji Saito

Time-energy uncertainty relation (TEUR) plays a fundamental role in quantum mechanics, as it allows to grasp peculiar aspects of a variety of phenomena based on very general principles and symmetries of the theory. Using the Mandelstam-Tamm…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-11-10 Giuseppe Gaetano Luciano , Luca Smaldone

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) provide fundamental constraints on the interplay between power fluctuations, entropy production, and efficiency in overdamped stationary autonomous heat engines. However, their validity in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-23 Enrique P. Cital , Viktor Holubec

We consider a Brownian particle in harmonic confinement of stiffness $k$, in one dimension in the underdamped regime. The whole setup is immersed in a heat bath at temperature $T$. The center of harmonic trap is dragged under any arbitrary…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-03-18 Deepak Gupta , Amos Maritan

Fluctuation theorems are fundamental extensions of the second law of thermodynamics for small nonequilibrium systems. While work and heat are equally important forms of energy exchange, fluctuation relations have not been experimentally…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-02-24 Markus Rademacher , Michael Konopik , Maxime Debiossac , David Grass , Eric Lutz , Nikolai Kiesel

The response of thermodynamic systems perturbed out of an equilibrium steady-state is described by the reciprocal and the fluctuation-dissipation relations. The so-called fluctuation theorems extended the study of fluctuations far beyond…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-02-21 Matteo Polettini , Massimiliano Esposito