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We introduce DREAM, a deep reinforcement learning algorithm that finds optimal strategies in imperfect-information games with multiple agents. Formally, DREAM converges to a Nash Equilibrium in two-player zero-sum games and to an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Eric Steinberger , Adam Lerer , Noam Brown

Adversarial attacks pose significant threats to the reliability and safety of deep learning models, especially in critical domains such as medical imaging. This paper introduces a novel framework that integrates conformal prediction with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Rui Luo , Jie Bao , Zhixin Zhou , Chuangyin Dang

The term rational has become synonymous with maximizing expected payoff in the definition of the best response in Nash setting. In this work, we consider stochastic games in which players engage only once, or at most a limited number of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-02-21 Ali Yekkehkhany , Timothy Murray , Rakesh Nagi

This paper tackles the problem of adversarial examples from a game theoretic point of view. We study the open question of the existence of mixed Nash equilibria in the zero-sum game formed by the attacker and the classifier. While previous…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Laurent Meunier , Meyer Scetbon , Rafael Pinot , Jamal Atif , Yann Chevaleyre

Since the seminal PPAD-completeness result for computing a Nash equilibrium even in two-player games, an important line of research has focused on relaxations achievable in polynomial time. In this paper, we consider the notion of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Argyrios Deligkas , Michail Fasoulakis , Evangelos Markakis

Equilibrium finding in two-player zero-sum games with perfect recall is a well-studied topic that has led to many breakthroughs in computational game theory. This paper aims to generalize such techniques to (timeable) two-player zero-sum…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Luca Carminati , Brian Hu Zhang , Federico Cacciamani , Junkang Li , Gabriele Farina , Nicola Gatti , Tuomas Sandholm

We consider an attacker-operator game for monitoring a large-scale network that is comprised on components that differ in their criticality levels. In this zero-sum game, the operator seeks to position a limited number of sensors to monitor…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-03-19 Jezdimir Milosevic , Mathieu Dahan , Saurabh Amin , Henrik Sandberg

Much of recent success in multiagent reinforcement learning has been in two-player zero-sum games. In these games, algorithms such as fictitious self-play and minimax tree search can converge to an approximate Nash equilibrium. While…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-12-11 Alexander Shmakov , John Lanier , Stephen McAleer , Rohan Achar , Cristina Lopes , Pierre Baldi

We consider the computation of a Nash equilibrium in attack and defense games on networks (Bloch et al. [1]). We prove that a Nash Equilibrium of the game can be computed in polynomial time with respect to the number of nodes in the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Stanisław Kaźmierowski , Marcin Dziubiński

We study online optimization methods for zero-sum games, a fundamental problem in adversarial learning in machine learning, economics, and many other domains. Traditional methods approximate Nash equilibria (NE) using either regret-based…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Taemin Kim , James P. Bailey

Motivated by Generative Adversarial Networks, we study the computation of Nash equilibrium in concave network zero-sum games (NZSGs), a multiplayer generalization of two-player zero-sum games first proposed with linear payoffs. Extending…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-13 Amit Kadan , Hu Fu

This paper addresses the problem of fair equilibrium selection in graphical games. Our approach is based on the data structure called the {\em best response policy}, which was proposed by Kearns et al. \cite{kls} as a way to represent all…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Edith Elkind , Leslie Ann Goldberg , Paul W. Goldberg

As Large Language Models (LLMs) integrate into our social and economic interactions, we need to deepen our understanding of how humans respond to LLMs opponents in strategic settings. We present the results of the first controlled…

General Economics · Economics 2025-05-19 Darija Barak , Miguel Costa-Gomes

The overall aim of our research is to develop techniques to reason about the equilibrium properties of multi-agent systems. We model multi-agent systems as concurrent games, in which each player is a process that is assumed to act…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-08-14 Julian Gutierrez , Aniello Murano , Giuseppe Perelli , Sasha Rubin , Thomas Steeples , Michael Wooldridge

We investigate the complexity of computing approximate Nash equilibria in anonymous games. Our main algorithmic result is the following: For any $n$-player anonymous game with a bounded number of strategies and any constant $\delta>0$, an…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-08-29 Yu Cheng , Ilias Diakonikolas , Alistair Stewart

We develop a flexible stochastic approximation framework for analyzing the long-run behavior of learning in games (both continuous and finite). The proposed analysis template incorporates a wide array of popular learning algorithms,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Panayotis Mertikopoulos , Ya-Ping Hsieh , Volkan Cevher

Computing approximate Nash equilibria in multi-player general-sum Markov games is a computationally intractable task. However, multi-player Markov games with certain cooperative or competitive structures might circumvent this…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Zailin Ma , Jiansheng Yang , Zhihua Zhang

In this paper, we present a novel consensus-based zeroth-order algorithm tailored for non-convex multiplayer games. The proposed method leverages a metaheuristic approach using concepts from swarm intelligence to reliably identify global…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-07-30 Enis Chenchene , Hui Huang , Jinniao Qiu

We study the problem of computing an $\epsilon$-Nash equilibrium in repeated games. Earlier work by Borgs et al. [2010] suggests that this problem is intractable. We show that if we make a slight change to their model---modeling the players…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-24 Joseph Y. Halpern , Rafael Pass , Lior Seeman

This paper is concerned with a non-zero sum differential game problem of an anticipated forward-backward stochastic differential delayed equation under partial information. We establish a necessary maximum principle and sufficient…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-02-17 Yi Zhuang