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We present MDP Playground, a testbed for Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents with dimensions of hardness that can be controlled independently to challenge agents in different ways and obtain varying degrees of hardness in toy and complex RL…

Many real-world problems come with action spaces represented as feature vectors. Although high-dimensional control is a largely unsolved problem, there has recently been progress for modest dimensionalities. Here we report on a successful…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-12-17 Peter Sunehag , Richard Evans , Gabriel Dulac-Arnold , Yori Zwols , Daniel Visentin , Ben Coppin

One major obstacle that precludes the success of reinforcement learning in real-world applications is the lack of robustness, either to model uncertainties or external disturbances, of the trained policies. Robustness is critical when the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Rahul Singh , Qinsheng Zhang , Yongxin Chen

Deep learning, as a highly efficient method for metasurface inverse design, commonly use simulation data to train deep neural networks (DNNs) that can map desired functionalities to proper metasurface designs. However, the assumptions and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-07 Jingxin Zhang , Jiawei Xi , Peixing Li , Ray C. C. Cheung , Alex M. H. Wong , Jensen Li

Reinforcement learning has demonstrated impressive performance in various challenging problems such as robotics, board games, and classical arcade games. However, its real-world applications can be hindered by the absence of robustness and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Siemen Herremans , Ali Anwar , Siegfried Mercelis

The model-based reinforcement learning paradigm, which uses planning algorithms and neural network models, has recently achieved unprecedented results in diverse applications, leading to what is now known as deep reinforcement learning.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Tiago Gaspar Oliveira , Arlindo L. Oliveira

Deep reinforcement learning algorithms have recently been used to train multiple interacting agents in a centralised manner whilst keeping their execution decentralised. When the agents can only acquire partial observations and are faced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-27 Emanuele Pesce , Giovanni Montana

We propose using deep reinforcement learning to solve dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models. Agents are represented by deep artificial neural networks and learn to solve their dynamic optimisation problem by interacting with the…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-01-06 Mingli Chen , Andreas Joseph , Michael Kumhof , Xinlei Pan , Xuan Zhou

Recent research on vulnerabilities of deep reinforcement learning (RL) has shown that adversarial policies adopted by an adversary agent can influence a target RL agent (victim agent) to perform poorly in a multi-agent environment. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-01 The Viet Bui , Tien Mai , Thanh H. Nguyen

Reinforcement learning algorithms have been widely used in dynamic and control systems. However, interpreting their internal learning behavior remains a challenge. In the authors' previous work, a critic match loss landscape visualization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jingyi Liu , Jian Guo , Eberhard Gill

We initiate the study of federated reinforcement learning under environmental heterogeneity by considering a policy evaluation problem. Our setup involves $N$ agents interacting with environments that share the same state and action space…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Han Wang , Aritra Mitra , Hamed Hassani , George J. Pappas , James Anderson

Adversarial training is an effective learning technique to improve the robustness of deep neural networks. In this study, the influence of adversarial training on deep learning models in terms of fairness, robustness, and generalization is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Xiaoling Zhou , Nan Yang , Ou Wu

A deep reinforcement learning (DRL) agent observes its states through observations, which may contain natural measurement errors or adversarial noises. Since the observations deviate from the true states, they can mislead the agent into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Huan Zhang , Hongge Chen , Chaowei Xiao , Bo Li , Mingyan Liu , Duane Boning , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Deep learning involves navigating a high-dimensional loss landscape over the neural network parameter space. Over the course of training, complex computational structures form and re-form inside the neural network, leading to shifts in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Jesse Hoogland , George Wang , Matthew Farrugia-Roberts , Liam Carroll , Susan Wei , Daniel Murfet

Deep reinforcement learning is a technique for solving problems in a variety of environments, ranging from Atari video games to stock trading. This method leverages deep neural network models to make decisions based on observations of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Anthony Dowling

Learned representations in deep reinforcement learning (DRL) have to extract task-relevant information from complex observations, balancing between robustness to distraction and informativeness to the policy. Such stable and rich…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Mete Kemertas , Tristan Aumentado-Armstrong

This paper presents a novel deep reinforcement learning-based resource allocation technique for the multi-agent environment presented by a cognitive radio network where the interactions of the agents during learning may lead to a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Ankita Tondwalkar , Andres Kwasinski

Learning to adapt and make real-time informed decisions in a dynamic and complex environment is a challenging problem. Monopoly is a popular strategic board game that requires players to make multiple decisions during the game.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-07 Trevor Bonjour , Marina Haliem , Aala Alsalem , Shilpa Thomas , Hongyu Li , Vaneet Aggarwal , Mayank Kejriwal , Bharat Bhargava

A key task in Artificial Intelligence is learning effective policies for controlling agents in unknown environments to optimize performance measures. Off-policy learning methods, like Q-learning, allow learners to make optimal decisions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Mingxuan Li , Junzhe Zhang , Elias Bareinboim

In this paper, we consider the task of learning control policies for text-based games. In these games, all interactions in the virtual world are through text and the underlying state is not observed. The resulting language barrier makes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-09-15 Karthik Narasimhan , Tejas Kulkarni , Regina Barzilay