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While most instruction set architectures (ISAs) are only available to use through the purchase of a restrictive commercial license, the RISC-V ISA presents a free and open-source alternative. Due to this availability, many free and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Ian McDougall , Harish Batchu , Michael Davies , Karthikeyan Sankaralingam

This article describes the first public implementation and evaluation of the latest version of the RISC-V hypervisor extension (H-extension v0.6.1) specification in a Rocket chip core. To perform a meaningful evaluation for modern…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Bruno Sá , José Martins , Sandro Pinto

Gaussian processes are widely used in machine learning domains but remain computationally demanding, limiting their efficient scalability across emerging hardware platforms. The GPRat library addresses these challenges using the HPX…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Alexander Strack , Patrick Diehl , Dirk Pflüger

The RISC-V Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) has enjoyed phenomenal growth in recent years, however it still to gain popularity in HPC. Whilst adopting RISC-V CPU solutions in HPC might be some way off, RISC-V based PCIe accelerators offer…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Nick Brown , Ryan Barton

Virtualization is a key technology used in a wide range of applications, from cloud computing to embedded systems. Over the last few years, mainstream computer architectures were extended with hardware virtualization support, giving rise to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Bruno Sá , Luca Valente , José Martins , Davide Rossi , Luca Benini , Sandro Pinto

FPGA overlays are commonly implemented as coarse-grained reconfigurable architectures with a goal to improve designers' productivity through balancing flexibility and ease of configuration of the underlying fabric. To truly facilitate full…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-06-22 Ho-Cheung Ng , Cheng Liu , Hayden Kwok-Hay So

IoT applications are one of the driving forces in making systems energy and power-efficient, given their resource constraints. However, because of security, latency, and transmission, we advocate for local computing through multi-processor…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Anderson I. Silva , Altamiro Susin , Fernanda L. Kastensmidt , Antonio Carlos S. Beck , Jose Rodrigo Azambuja

While interest in the open RISC-V instruction set architecture is growing, tools to assess the security of concrete processor implementations are lacking. There are dedicated tools and benchmarks for common microarchitectural side-channel…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Cédrick Austa , Jan Tobias Mühlberg , Jean-Michel Dricot

The slowdown of Moore's law and the power wall necessitates a shift towards finely tunable precision (a.k.a. transprecision) computing to reduce energy footprint. Hence, we need circuits capable of performing floating-point operations on a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-07-06 Stefan Mach , Fabian Schuiki , Florian Zaruba , Luca Benini

While Transformers are dominated by Floating-Point (FP) Matrix-Multiplications, their aggressive acceleration through dedicated hardware or many-core programmable systems has shifted the performance bottleneck to non-linear functions like…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Run Wang , Gamze Islamoglu , Andrea Belano , Viviane Potocnik , Francesco Conti , Angelo Garofalo , Luca Benini

In the last decade, we have witnessed exponential growth in the complexity of control systems for safety-critical applications (automotive, robots, industrial automation) and their transition to heterogeneous mixed-criticality systems…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Michael Rogenmoser , Alessandro Ottaviano , Thomas Benz , Robert Balas , Matteo Perotti , Angelo Garofalo , Luca Benini

To meet the computational requirements of modern workloads under tight energy constraints, general-purpose accelerator architectures have to integrate an ever-increasing number of extremely area- and energy-efficient processing elements…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Luca Colagrande , Luca Benini

The increasing complexity of autonomous systems has driven a shift to integrated heterogeneous SoCs with real-time and safety demands. Ensuring deterministic WCETs and low-latency for critical tasks requires minimizing interference on…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Christopher Reinwardt , Robert Balas , Alessandro Ottaviano , Angelo Garofalo , Luca Benini

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the RISC-V instruction set architecture, focusing on its modular design, implementation challenges, and performance characteristics. We examine the RV32I base instruction set with extensions…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Priyanshu Yadav

In this work, we present the design and evaluation of a Processor Tracing System compliant with the RISC-V Efficient Trace specification for Instruction Branch Tracing. We integrate our system into the host domain of a state-of-the-art edge…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Umberto Laghi , Simone Manoni , Emanuele Parisi , Andrea Bartolini

The RISC-V Vector Extension~(RVV) is a cornerstone for supporting compute throughout in scientific and machine learning workloads. Yet compiler support and performance monitoring on real RVV~1.0 hardware are still evolving. In this work, we…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Ruimin Shi , Maya Gokhale , Pei-Hung Lin , Xavier Teruel , Ivy Peng

Open-source RISC-V cores are increasingly adopted in high-end embedded domains such as automotive, where maximizing instructions per cycle (IPC) is becoming critical. Building on the industry-supported open-source CVA6 core and its…

As new technologies are invented, their commercial viability needs to be carefully examined along with their technical merits and demerits. The posit data format, proposed as a drop-in replacement for IEEE 754 float format, is one such…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Vinay Saxena , Ankitha Reddy , Jonathan Neudorfer , John Gustafson , Sangeeth Nambiar , Rainer Leupers , Farhad Merchant

This paper describes the design of a 1024-core processor chip in 16nm FinFet technology. The chip ("Epiphany-V") contains an array of 1024 64-bit RISC processors, 64MB of on-chip SRAM, three 136-bit wide mesh Networks-On-Chip, and 1024…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-10-07 Andreas Olofsson

Rapid advancements in RISC-V hardware development shift the focus from low-level optimizations to higher-level parallelization. Recent RISC-V processors, such as the SOPHON SG2042, have 64 cores. RISC-V processors with core counts…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Alexander Strack , Christopher Taylor , Dirk Pflüger