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Regret minimization is a powerful method for finding Nash equilibria in Normal-Form Games (NFGs) and Extensive-Form Games (EFGs), but it typically guarantees convergence only for the average strategy. However, computing the average strategy…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Hang Ren , Yulin Wu , Shuhan Qi , Jiajia Zhang , Xiaozhen Sun , Tianzi Ma , Xuan Wang

Regret matching (RM) -- and its modern variants -- is a foundational online algorithm that has been at the heart of many AI breakthrough results in solving benchmark zero-sum games, such as poker. Yet, surprisingly little is known so far in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Ioannis Anagnostides , Emanuel Tewolde , Brian Hu Zhang , Ioannis Panageas , Vincent Conitzer , Tuomas Sandholm

We introduce Cautious Optimism, a framework for substantially faster regularized learning in general games. Cautious Optimism, as a variant of Optimism, adaptively controls the learning pace in a dynamic, non-monotone manner to accelerate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Ashkan Soleymani , Georgios Piliouras , Gabriele Farina

In the convex optimization approach to online regret minimization, many methods have been developed to guarantee a $O(\sqrt{T})$ bound on regret for subdifferentiable convex loss functions with bounded subgradients, by using a reduction to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-09-20 Arthur Flajolet , Patrick Jaillet

We study online learning problems in which a decision maker has to take a sequence of decisions subject to $m$ long-term constraints. The goal of the decision maker is to maximize their total reward, while at the same time achieving small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Matteo Castiglioni , Andrea Celli , Alberto Marchesi , Giulia Romano , Nicola Gatti

We address learning Nash equilibria in convex games under the payoff information setting. We consider the case in which the game pseudo-gradient is monotone but not necessarily strictly monotone. This relaxation of strict monotonicity…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-17 Tatiana Tatarenko , Maryam Kamgarpour

Motivated by applications in machine learning and operations research, we study regret minimization with stochastic first-order oracle feedback in online constrained, and possibly non-smooth, non-convex problems. In this setting, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Nadav Hallak , Panayotis Mertikopoulos , Volkan Cevher

Learning from repeated play in a fixed two-player zero-sum game is a classic problem in game theory and online learning. We consider a variant of this problem where the game payoff matrix changes over time, possibly in an adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Mengxiao Zhang , Peng Zhao , Haipeng Luo , Zhi-Hua Zhou

In this paper, we consider the problem of distributed online convex optimization, where a network of local agents aim to jointly optimize a convex function over a period of multiple time steps. The agents do not have any information about…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-11-13 Yan Zhang , Robert J. Ravier , Michael M. Zavlanos , Vahid Tarokh

Counterfactual regret minimization is a family of algorithms of no-regret learning dynamics capable of solving large-scale imperfect information games. We propose implementing this algorithm as a series of dense and sparse matrix and vector…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Juho Kim

We consider a family of learning strategies for online optimization problems that evolve in continuous time and we show that they lead to no regret. From a more traditional, discrete-time viewpoint, this continuous-time approach allows us…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-02-28 Joon Kwon , Panayotis Mertikopoulos

Regret has been established as a foundational concept in online learning, and likewise has important applications in the analysis of learning dynamics in games. Regret quantifies the difference between a learner's performance against a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Georgios Piliouras , Mark Rowland , Shayegan Omidshafiei , Romuald Elie , Daniel Hennes , Jerome Connor , Karl Tuyls

We show for the first time, to our knowledge, that it is possible to reconcile in online learning in zero-sum games two seemingly contradictory objectives: vanishing time-average regret and non-vanishing step sizes. This phenomenon, that we…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-05-14 James P. Bailey , Georgios Piliouras

In this paper, we consider a distributed learning problem in a subnetwork zero-sum game, where agents are competing in different subnetworks. These agents are connected through time-varying graphs where each agent has its own cost function…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-08-05 Shijie Huang , Jinlong Lei , Yiguang Hong , Uday V. Shanbhag , Jie Chen

Regret minimization has proved to be a versatile tool for tree-form sequential decision making and extensive-form games. In large two-player zero-sum imperfect-information games, modern extensions of counterfactual regret minimization (CFR)…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Gabriele Farina , Tuomas Sandholm

The existence of simple, uncoupled no-regret dynamics that converge to correlated equilibria in normal-form games is a celebrated result in the theory of multi-agent systems. Specifically, it has been known for more than 20 years that when…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Andrea Celli , Alberto Marchesi , Gabriele Farina , Nicola Gatti

This paper proposes a modular approach that combines the online convex optimization framework and reference governors to solve a constrained control problem featuring time-varying and a priori unknown cost functions. Compared to existing…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-14 Marko Nonhoff , Johannes Köhler , Matthias A. Müller

This paper studies online optimization from a high-level unified theoretical perspective. We not only generalize both Optimistic-DA and Optimistic-MD in normed vector space, but also unify their analysis methods for dynamic regret. Regret…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Qing-xin Meng , Jian-wei Liu

Stochastic and adversarial data are two widely studied settings in online learning. But many optimization tasks are neither i.i.d. nor fully adversarial, which makes it of fundamental interest to get a better theoretical understanding of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Sarah Sachs , Hédi Hadiji , Tim van Erven , Cristóbal Guzmán

In a Stackelberg game, a leader commits to a randomized strategy, and a follower chooses their best strategy in response. We consider an extension of a standard Stackelberg game, called a discrete-time dynamic Stackelberg game, that has an…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Niklas Lauffer , Mahsa Ghasemi , Abolfazl Hashemi , Yagiz Savas , Ufuk Topcu