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In a previous paper (called "Rectangular random matrices. Related covolution"), we defined, for $\lambda \in [0,1]$, the rectangular free convolution with ratio $\lambda$. Here, we investigate the related notion of infinite divisiblity,…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Florent Benaych-Georges

Normalisation in probability theory turns a subdistribution into a proper distribution. It is a partial operation, since it is undefined for the zero subdistribution. This partiality makes it hard to reason equationally about normalisation.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Bart Jacobs

As in the cases of freeness and monotonic independence, the notion of conditional freeness is meaningful when complex-valued states are replaced by positive conditional expectations. In this framework, the paper presents several positivity…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2008-09-05 Mihai Popa

We compute the bi-free max-convolution which is the operation on bi-variate distribution functions corresponding to the max-operation with respect to the spectral order on bi-free bi-partite two-faced pairs of hermitian non-commutative…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2015-08-12 Dan-Virgil Voiculescu

We extend the free convolution of Brown measures of $R$-diagonal elements introduced by K\"{o}sters and Tikhomirov [Probab. Math. Statist. 38 (2018), no. 2, 359--384] to fractional powers. We then show how this fractional free convolution…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-03-18 Andrew Campbell , Sean O'Rourke , David Renfrew

We consider the notion of the matrix (tensor) distribution of a measurable function of several variables. On the one hand, it is an invariant of this function with respect to a certain group of transformations of variables; on the other…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-11-03 A. Vershik

These lecture notes provide an introduction to free probability theory, with a focus on tools and techniques useful in the study of large random matrices. Topics include freeness, free cumulants, additive and multiplicative free…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-06-13 Vladislav Kargin

This in an introduction to the theory of non-commutative distributions of non-commuting operators or random matrices. Starting from the basic problem to find a good approach to the meaning of "non-commutative distribution" we will, in…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2020-09-09 Roland Speicher

We study three convolutions of polynomials in the context of free probability theory. We prove that these convolutions can be written as the expected characteristic polynomials of sums and products of unitarily invariant random matrices.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-07-04 Adam Marcus , Daniel A. Spielman , Nikhil Srivastava

We show how the combination of new "linearization" ideas in free probability theory with the powerful "realization" machinery -- developed over the last 50 years in fields including systems engineering and automata theory -- allows solving…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2017-10-02 J. William Helton , Tobias Mai , Roland Speicher

Let M be a B-probability space. Assume that B itself is a D-probability space; then M can be viewed as a D-probability space as well. Let X be in M. We characterize freeness of X from B with amalgamation over D in terms of a certain…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2016-09-07 Alexandru Nica , Dimitri Shlyakhtenko , Roland Speicher

The free metaplectic transformation (FMT) is widely used in many fields such as filter design, pattern recognition, image processing and optics. In order to obtain a more concise and intuitive convolution form, this paper studies two kinds…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2022-06-28 Hui Zhao , Bing-Zhao Li

We consider the free additive convolution of two probability measures $\mu$ and $\nu$ on the real line and show that $\mu\boxplus\nu$ is supported on a single interval if $\mu$ and $\nu$ each has single interval support. Moreover, the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-10-30 Zhigang Bao , Laszlo Erdos , Kevin Schnelli

Let $\mu$ be a compactly supported probability measure on the real line. Bercovici-Voiculescu and Nica-Speicher proved the existence of a free convolution power $\mu^{\boxplus k}$ for any real $k \geq 1$. The purpose of this short note is…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-03-17 Stefan Steinerberger

We extend the relation between random matrices and free probability theory from the level of expectations to the level of all correlation functions (which are classical cumulants of traces of products of the matrices). We introduce the…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Benoit Collins , James A. Mingo , Piotr Sniady , Roland Speicher

We show that the distribution of the spectral maximum of monotonically independent self-adjoint operators coincides with the classical max-convolution of their distributions. In free probability, it was proven that for any probability…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2026-04-09 Yuki Ueda

A new class of distributional transformations is introduced, characterized by equations relating function weighted expectations of test functions on a given distribution to expectations of the transformed distribution on the test function's…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Larry Goldstein , Gesine Reinert

We study the class $\boldsymbol{Q}$ of distribution functions $F$ that have the property of rational-infinite divisibility: there exist some infinitely divisible distribution functions $F_1$ and $F_2$ such that $F_1=F*F_2$. The class…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-09-16 A. A. Khartov

We discuss free probability theory and free harmonic analysis from a categorical perspective. In order to do so, we extend first the set of analytic convolutions and operations and then show that the comonadic structure governing free…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-09-12 Roland M. Friedrich

We seek random versions of some classical theorems on complex approximation by polynomials and rational functions, as well as investigate properties of random compact sets in connection to complex approximation.

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2017-09-26 Simon St-Amant , Jérémie Turcotte