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Regularized learning is a fundamental technique in online optimization, machine learning and many other fields of computer science. A natural question that arises in these settings is how regularized learning algorithms behave when faced…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-09-11 Panayotis Mertikopoulos , Christos Papadimitriou , Georgios Piliouras

Learning in zero-sum games studies a situation where multiple agents competitively learn their strategy. In such multi-agent learning, we often see that the strategies cycle around their optimum, i.e., Nash equilibrium. When a game…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Yuma Fujimoto , Kaito Ariu , Kenshi Abe

The predominant paradigm in evolutionary game theory and more generally online learning in games is based on a clear distinction between a population of dynamic agents that interact given a fixed, static game. In this paper, we move away…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Stratis Skoulakis , Tanner Fiez , Ryann Sim , Georgios Piliouras , Lillian Ratliff

Replicator dynamics, the continuous-time analogue of Multiplicative Weights Updates, is the main dynamic in evolutionary game theory. In simple evolutionary zero-sum games, such as Rock-Paper-Scissors, replicator dynamic is periodic…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-10-04 Victor Boone , Georgios Piliouras

We study a wide class of non-convex non-concave min-max games that generalizes over standard bilinear zero-sum games. In this class, players control the inputs of a smooth function whose output is being applied to a bilinear zero-sum game.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-10-30 Lampros Flokas , Emmanouil-Vasileios Vlatakis-Gkaragkounis , Georgios Piliouras

Most of the literature on learning in games has focused on the restrictive setting where the underlying repeated game does not change over time. Much less is known about the convergence of no-regret learning algorithms in dynamic multiagent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Ioannis Anagnostides , Ioannis Panageas , Gabriele Farina , Tuomas Sandholm

Learning from repeated play in a fixed two-player zero-sum game is a classic problem in game theory and online learning. We consider a variant of this problem where the game payoff matrix changes over time, possibly in an adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Mengxiao Zhang , Peng Zhao , Haipeng Luo , Zhi-Hua Zhou

A key challenge of evolutionary game theory and multi-agent learning is to characterize the limit behavior of game dynamics. Whereas convergence is often a property of learning algorithms in games satisfying a particular reward structure…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-09 Aleksander Czechowski , Georgios Piliouras

Which classes can be learned properly in the online model? -- that is, by an algorithm that at each round uses a predictor from the concept class. While there are simple and natural cases where improper learning is necessary, it is natural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Steve Hanneke , Roi Livni , Shay Moran

Games are natural models for multi-agent machine learning settings, such as generative adversarial networks (GANs). The desirable outcomes from algorithmic interactions in these games are encoded as game theoretic equilibrium concepts, e.g.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-25 Gabriel P. Andrade , Rafael Frongillo , Georgios Piliouras

The behavior of no-regret learning algorithms is well understood in two-player min-max (i.e, zero-sum) games. In this paper, we investigate the behavior of no-regret learning in min-max games with dependent strategy sets, where the strategy…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Denizalp Goktas , Jiayi Zhao , Amy Greenwald

We present a novel control-theoretic understanding of online optimization and learning in games, via the notion of passivity. Passivity is a fundamental concept in control theory, which abstracts energy conservation and dissipation in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Yun Kuen Cheung , Georgios Piliouras

We establish that algorithmic experiments in zero-sum games "fail miserably" to confirm the unique, sharp prediction of maxmin equilibration. Contradicting nearly a century of economic thought that treats zero-sum games nearly axiomatically…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Yun Kuen Cheung , Georgios Piliouras

In the literature on game-theoretic equilibrium finding, focus has mainly been on solving a single game in isolation. In practice, however, strategic interactions -- ranging from routing problems to online advertising auctions -- evolve…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Keegan Harris , Ioannis Anagnostides , Gabriele Farina , Mikhail Khodak , Zhiwei Steven Wu , Tuomas Sandholm

In game-theoretic learning, several agents are simultaneously following their individual interests, so the environment is non-stationary from each player's perspective. In this context, the performance of a learning algorithm is often…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Yu-Guan Hsieh , Kimon Antonakopoulos , Panayotis Mertikopoulos

Zero-sum games are a fundamental setting for adversarial training and decision-making in multi-agent learning (MAL). Existing methods often ensure convergence to (approximate) Nash equilibria by introducing a form of regularization. Yet,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Tuo Zhang , Leonardo Stella

Von Neumann's Min-Max Theorem guarantees that each player of a zero-sum matrix game has an optimal mixed strategy. This paper gives an elementary proof that each player has a near-optimal mixed strategy that chooses uniformly at random from…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-06-02 Richard Lipton , Neal E. Young

The literature on game-theoretic equilibrium finding predominantly focuses on single games or their repeated play. Nevertheless, numerous real-world scenarios feature playing a game sampled from a distribution of similar, but not identical…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-21 David Sychrovský , Michal Šustr , Elnaz Davoodi , Michael Bowling , Marc Lanctot , Martin Schmid

In this paper we investigate the Follow the Regularized Leader dynamics in sequential imperfect information games (IIG). We generalize existing results of Poincar\'e recurrence from normal-form games to zero-sum two-player imperfect…

This paper examines the convergence of no-regret learning in games with continuous action sets. For concreteness, we focus on learning via "dual averaging", a widely used class of no-regret learning schemes where players take small steps…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-01-17 Panayotis Mertikopoulos , Zhengyuan Zhou
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