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State space models (SSMs) have recently emerged as a powerful framework for long sequence processing, outperforming traditional methods on diverse benchmarks. Fundamentally, SSMs can generalize both recurrent and convolutional networks and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-24 Xiaoyu Zhang , Mingtao Hu , Sen Lu , Soohyeon Kim , Eric Yeu-Jer Lee , Yuyang Liu , Wei D. Lu

State Space Models (SSMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to the popular transformer-based models and have been increasingly gaining attention. Compared to transformers, SSMs excel at tasks with sequential data or longer contexts,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Xingtai Lv , Youbang Sun , Kaiyan Zhang , Shang Qu , Xuekai Zhu , Yuchen Fan , Yi Wu , Ermo Hua , Xinwei Long , Ning Ding , Bowen Zhou

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs), temporal convolutions, and neural differential equations (NDEs) are popular families of deep learning models for time-series data, each with unique strengths and tradeoffs in modeling power and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Albert Gu , Isys Johnson , Karan Goel , Khaled Saab , Tri Dao , Atri Rudra , Christopher Ré

State space models have shown to be effective at modeling long range dependencies, specially on sequence classification tasks. In this work we focus on autoregressive sequence modeling over English books, Github source code and ArXiv…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Harsh Mehta , Ankit Gupta , Ashok Cutkosky , Behnam Neyshabur

Dense video captioning is a challenging video understanding task which aims to simultaneously segment the video into a sequence of meaningful consecutive events and to generate detailed captions to accurately describe each event. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-04 AJ Piergiovanni , Ganesh Satish Mallya , Dahun Kim , Anelia Angelova

Deep State-Space Models (SSM) demonstrate state-of-the art performance on long-range sequence modeling tasks. While the recurrent structure of SSMs can be efficiently implemented as a convolution or as a parallel scan during training,…

State Space Models (SSMs), developed to tackle long sequence modeling tasks efficiently, offer both parallelizable training and fast inference. At their core are recurrent dynamical systems that maintain a hidden state, with update costs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Makram Chahine , Philipp Nazari , Daniela Rus , T. Konstantin Rusch

The evolution of sequence modeling architectures, from recurrent neural networks and convolutional models to Transformers and structured state-space models, reflects ongoing efforts to address the diverse temporal dependencies inherent in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Haotian Jiang , Zeyu Bao , Shida Wang , Qianxiao Li

State-space models (SSMs) are a highly expressive model class for learning patterns in time series data and for system identification. Deterministic versions of SSMs (e.g. LSTMs) proved extremely successful in modeling complex time series…

Sequential recommendation is a key area in the field of recommendation systems aiming to model user interest based on historical interaction sequences with irregular intervals. While previous recurrent neural network-based and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Wei Xiao , Huiying Wang , Qifeng Zhou , Qing Wang

Sequence modeling plays a vital role across various domains, with recurrent neural networks being historically the predominant method of performing these tasks. However, the emergence of transformers has altered this paradigm due to their…

State Space Models (SSMs) have become the leading alternative to Transformers for sequence modeling. Their primary advantage is efficiency in long-context and long-form generation, enabled by fixed-size memory and linear scaling of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Eran Malach , Omid Saremi , Sinead Williamson , Arwen Bradley , Aryo Lotfi , Emmanuel Abbe , Josh Susskind , Etai Littwin

Linear State Space Models (SSMs) offer remarkable performance gains in efficient sequence modeling, with constant inference-time computation and memory complexity. Recent advances, such as Mamba, further enhance SSMs with input-dependent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Zheng Zhan , Liliang Ren , Shuohang Wang , Liyuan Liu , Yang Liu , Yeyun Gong , Yanzhi Wang , Yelong Shen

A longstanding challenge for the Machine Learning community is the one of developing models that are capable of processing and learning from very long sequences of data. The outstanding results of Transformers-based networks (e.g., Large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Matteo Tiezzi , Michele Casoni , Alessandro Betti , Tommaso Guidi , Marco Gori , Stefano Melacci

In recent years, advancements in deep learning have spurred the development of numerous models for Long-term Time Series Forecasting (LTSF). However, most existing approaches struggle to fully capture the complex and structured dependencies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Zixuan Weng , Jindong Han , Wenzhao Jiang , Hao Liu

Long-range dependency is one of the most desired properties of recent sequence models such as state-space models (particularly Mamba) and transformer models. New model architectures are being actively developed and benchmarked for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Cong Ma , Kayvan Najarian

State Space Models (SSMs) have recently enjoyed a rise to prominence in the field of deep learning for sequence modeling, especially as an alternative to Transformers. Their success stems from avoiding two well-known drawbacks of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Stefano Rando , Luca Romani , Matteo Migliarini , Luca Franco , Denis Gudovskiy , Fabio Galasso

Large pre-trained models have achieved outstanding results in sequence modeling. The Transformer block and its attention mechanism have been the main drivers of the success of these models. Recently, alternative architectures, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-29 J. Pablo Muñoz , Jinjie Yuan , Nilesh Jain

The ability to distinguish between different movie scenes is critical for understanding the storyline of a movie. However, accurately detecting movie scenes is often challenging as it requires the ability to reason over very long movie…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Md Mohaiminul Islam , Mahmudul Hasan , Kishan Shamsundar Athrey , Tony Braskich , Gedas Bertasius

Transformers are the dominant architecture for sequence modeling, but there is growing interest in models that use a fixed-size latent state that does not depend on the sequence length, which we refer to as "generalized state space models"…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Samy Jelassi , David Brandfonbrener , Sham M. Kakade , Eran Malach