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We present a framework for efficiently solving Approximate Traveling Salesman Problem (Approximate TSP) for Quantum Computing Models. Existing representations of TSP introduce extra states which do not correspond to any permutation. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Debabrata Goswami , Harish Karnick , Prateek Jain , Hemanta K. Maji

In recent years, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has gained traction for solving the NP-hard traveling salesman problem (TSP). However, limited attention has been given to the close-enough TSP (CETSP), primarily due to the challenge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Mingfeng Fan , Jiaqi Cheng , Yaoxin Wu , Yifeng Zhang , Yibin Yang , Guohua Wu , Guillaume Sartoretti

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a prototypical combinatorial optimization problem, but its quantum implementation is limited by the O(n^2)-qubit overhead of standard one-hot encodings. Here, we propose a resource-efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 Yuefeng Lin , Chao Zheng , Cong Guo

We present efficient algorithms for computing optimal or approximately optimal strategies in a zero-sum game for which Player I has n pure strategies and Player II has an arbitrary number of pure strategies. We assume that for any given…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-06-21 Lisa Hellerstein , Thomas Lidbetter , Daniel Pirutinsky

The Moving Target Traveling Salesman Problem (MT-TSP) seeks a trajectory that intercepts several moving targets, within a particular time window for each target. When generic nonlinear target trajectories or kinematic constraints on the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Anoop Bhat , Geordan Gutow , Bhaskar Vundurthy , Zhongqiang Ren , Sivakumar Rathinam , Howie Choset

We address two-player general-sum stochastic Stackelberg games (SSGs), where the leader's policy is optimized considering the best-response follower whose policy is optimal for its reward under the leader. Existing policy gradient and value…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Mikoto Kudo , Youhei Akimoto

Proper parameter configuration is a prerequisite for the success of Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs). While various adaptive strategies have been proposed, it remains an open question whether all control dimensions contribute equally to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Hongyu Wang , Yuhan Jing , Yibing Shi , Enjin Zhou , Haotian Zhang , Jialong Shi

Combinatorial optimization serves as an essential part in many modern industrial applications. A great number of the problems are offline setting due to safety and/or cost issues. While simulation-based approaches appear difficult to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Wenpeng Wei , Toshiko Aizono

We study how to synthesize a robust and safe policy for autonomous systems under signal temporal logic (STL) tasks in adversarial settings against unknown dynamic agents. To ensure the worst-case STL satisfaction, we propose STLGame, a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Shuo Yang , Hongrui Zheng , Cristian-Ioan Vasile , George Pappas , Rahul Mangharam

We consider the problem of finding stationary Nash equilibria (NE) in a finite discounted general-sum stochastic game. We first generalize a non-linear optimization problem from Filar and Vrieze [2004] to a $N$-player setting and break down…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-07-06 H. L Prasad , L. A. Prashanth , Shalabh Bhatnagar

In this paper we consider a stochastic game for modelling the interactions between smugglers and a patroller along a border. The problem we examine involves a group of cooperating smugglers making regular attempts to bring small amounts of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Matthew Darlington , Kevin D. Glazebrook , David S. Leslie , Rob Shone , Roberto Szechtman

The travelling salesman problem (TSP) is one of the well-studied NP-hard problems in the literature. The state-of-the art inexact TSP solvers are the Lin-Kernighan-Helsgaun (LKH) heuristic and Edge Assembly crossover (EAX). A recent study…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Swetha Varadarajan , Darrell Whitley

The traveling salesman problem (TSP) is one of the most prominent combinatorial optimization problems. Given a complete graph G = (V, E) and non-negative distances d for every edge, the TSP asks for a shortest tour through all vertices with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-30 Ulrich Pferschy , Rostislav Stanek

The Multi-Traveling Salesman Problem (MTSP) is a commonly used mathematical model for multi-agent task allocation. However, as the number of agents and task targets increases, existing optimization-based methods often incur prohibitive…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-01 Xiubin Chen

This paper presents a general mean-field game (GMFG) framework for simultaneous learning and decision-making in stochastic games with a large population. It first establishes the existence of a unique Nash Equilibrium to this GMFG, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-05 Xin Guo , Anran Hu , Renyuan Xu , Junzi Zhang

Recently, empowered with the powerful capabilities of neural networks, reinforcement learning (RL) has successfully tackled numerous challenging tasks. However, while these models demonstrate enhanced decision-making abilities, they are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Zhengpeng Xie , Yulong Zhang

Bi-level optimisation problems have gained increasing interest in the field of combinatorial optimisation in recent years. With this paper, we start the runtime analysis of evolutionary algorithms for bi-level optimisation problems. We…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2014-01-10 Dogan Corus , Per Kristian Lehre , Frank Neumann , Mojgan Pourhassan

We introduce a fast, quasi-linear-time heuristic for the Close-Enough Traveling Salesman Problem (CETSP), a continuous generalization of the Euclidean TSP in which each target is a disk that must be intersected. The method adapts the…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Khoi Duong

We propose a new transformer model for the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) called CycleFormer. We identified distinctive characteristics that need to be considered when applying a conventional transformer model to TSP and aimed to fully…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Jieun Yook , Junpyo Seo , Joon Huh , Han Joon Byun , Byung-ro Moon

Policy Space Response Oracle methods (PSRO) provide a general solution to learn Nash equilibrium in two-player zero-sum games but suffer from two drawbacks: (1) the computation inefficiency due to the need for consistent meta-game…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Ming Zhou , Jingxiao Chen , Ying Wen , Weinan Zhang , Yaodong Yang , Yong Yu , Jun Wang