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Mutually unbiased bases (MUB) are an elusive discrete structure in Hilbert spaces. Many (complete sets of) MUB are group covariant, but little is known whether they can be sharply covariant in the sense that the generating groups can have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-03 Huangjun Zhu

In this paper, we prove that the existence of a complete set of mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) in N-dimensional Hilbert space implies the existence of a complete set of mutually orthogonal Latin squares (MOLSs) of order N. In particular, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-26 Stefan Joka

Construction of a large class of Mutually Unbiased Bases (MUBs) for non-prime power composite dimensions ($d = k\times s$) is a long standing open problem, which leads to different construction methods for the class Approximate MUBs (AMUBs)…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Ajeet Kumar , Subhamoy Maitra

Maximal sets of mutually unbiased bases are useful throughout quantum physics, both in a foundational context and for applications. To date, it remains unknown if complete sets of mutually unbiased bases exist in Hilbert spaces of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-09 Daniel McNulty , Stefan Weigert

A new type of complex Hadamard matrices of order 9 are constructed. The studied matrices are symmetric, block circulant with circulant blocks ($BCCB$) and form an until now unknown non-reducible and non-affine two-parameter orbit. Several…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-21 Bengt R. Karlsson

Akin to the idea of complete sets of Mutually Unbiased Bases for prime dimensional Hilbert spaces, $\mathcal{H}_d$, we study its analogue for a $d$ dimensional subspace of $M (d,\mathbb{C})$, i.e. Mutually Unbiased Unitary Bases (MUUBs)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-11 Rinie N. M. Nasir , Jesni Shamsul Shaari , Stefano Mancini

Mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) are a primitive used in quantum information processing to capture the principle of complementarity. While constructions of maximal sets of d+1 such bases are known for systems of prime power dimension d, it is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-27 Andreas Klappenecker , Martin Roetteler

We show that if a set of four mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) in $\mathbb{C}^6$ exists and contains the identity, then any other basis in the set contains at most two product states and at the same time has Schmidt rank at least three. Here…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-07 Lin Chen , Li Yu

Mutually unbiased bases (MUB) are interesting for various reasons. The most attractive example of (a complete set of) MUB is the one constructed by Ivanovi\'c as well as Wootters and Fields, which is referred to as the canonical MUB.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-07-08 Huangjun Zhu

Analogous to the notion of mutually unbiased bases for Hilbert spaces, we consider mutually unbiased unitary bases (MUUB) for the space of operators, $M(d, \mathbb{C})$, acting on such Hilbert spaces. The notion of MUUB reflects the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-21 Rinie N. M. Nasir , Jesni Shamsul Shaari , Stefano Mancini

Mutually unbiased bases (MUB) have many applications in quantum information processing and quantum cryptography. Several complex MUB's in $\mathbb{C}^d$ for some dimension $d$ and with larger size have been constructed. On the other hand,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-14 Minghui Yang , Aixian Zhang , Jiejing Wen , Keqin Feng

A set of mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) is said to be unextendible if there does not exist another basis that is unbiased with respect to the given set. Here, we prove the existence of smaller sets of MUBs in prime-squared dimensions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-25 Vishakh Hegde , Prabha Mandayam

A complete set of N+1 mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) forms a convex polytope in the N^2-1 dimensional space of NxN Hermitian matrices of unit trace. As a geometrical object such a polytope exists for all values of N, while it is unknown…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ingemar Bengtsson , Asa Ericsson

The question of determining the maximal number of mutually unbiased bases in dimension six has received much attention since their introduction to quantum information theory, but a definitive answer has still not been found. In this paper…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Paul Butterley , William Hall

We prove the following two results relating real mutually unbiased bases and representations of finite groups of odd order. Let $q$ be a power of 2 and $r$ a positive integer. Then we can find a $q^{2r}\times q^{2r}$ real orthogonal matrix…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2017-11-30 Rod Gow

A set of $b$ mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) in $\mathbb{C}^d$ (for $d > 1$) comprises $bd$ vectors in $\mathbb{C}^d$, partitioned into $b$ orthogonal bases for $\mathbb{C}^d$ such that the pairwise angle between all vectors from distinct…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-04-19 Jonathan Jedwab , Lily Yen

Mutually Unbiased Bases (MUBs) are closely connected with quantum physics, and the structure has a rich mathematical background. We provide equivalent criteria for extending a set of MUBs for $C^n$ by studying real points of a certain…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Arindam Banerjee , Kanoy Kumar Das , Ajeet Kumar , Rakesh Kumar , Subhamoy Maitra

In dimension $d$, Mutually Unbiased Bases (MUBs) are a collection of orthonormal bases over $\mathbb{C}^d$ such that for any two vectors $v_1, v_2$ belonging to different bases, the scalar product $|\braket{v_1|v_2}| = \frac{1}{\sqrt{d}}$.…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Ajeet Kumar , Subhamoy Maitra , Somjit Roy

A set of $k$ orthonormal bases of $\mathbb C^d$ is called mutually unbiased if $|\langle e,f\rangle |^2 = 1/d$ whenever $e$ and $f$ are basis vectors in distinct bases. A natural question is for which pairs $(d,k)$ there exist~$k$ mutually…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-01 Sander Gribling , Sven Polak

Constructions of Hadamard matrices from smaller blocks is a well-known technique in the theory of real Hadamard matrices: tensoring Hadamard matrices and the classical arrays of Williamson, Ito are all procedures involving smaller order…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2009-03-03 Ferenc Szöllősi