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In this article, the authors discuss the problem of forensic authentication of digital audio recordings. Although forensic audio has been addressed in several articles, the existing approaches are focused on analog magnetic recordings,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Marcos Faundez-Zanuy , Jose Juan Lucena-Molina , Martin Hagmueller

This paper introduces EmMark,a novel watermarking framework for protecting the intellectual property (IP) of embedded large language models deployed on resource-constrained edge devices. To address the IP theft risks posed by malicious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Ruisi Zhang , Farinaz Koushanfar

Watermarking deep neural network (DNN) models has attracted a great deal of attention and interest in recent years because of the increasing demand to protect the intellectual property of DNN models. Many practical algorithms have been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Chaoyue Huang , Hanzhou Wu

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems are known to be vulnerable to adversarial attacks. This paper addresses detection and defence against targeted white-box attacks on speech signals for ASR systems. While existing work has utilised…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-13 Nikolai L. Kühne , Astrid H. F. Kitchen , Marie S. Jensen , Mikkel S. L. Brøndt , Martin Gonzalez , Christophe Biscio , Zheng-Hua Tan

In light of the widespread application of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems, their security concerns have received much more attention than ever before, primarily due to the susceptibility of Deep Neural Networks. Previous studies…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Weifei Jin , Yuxin Cao , Junjie Su , Qi Shen , Kai Ye , Derui Wang , Jie Hao , Ziyao Liu

Arbitrary Style Transfer (AST) achieves the rendering of real natural images into the painting styles of arbitrary art style images, promoting art communication. However, misuse of unauthorized art style images for AST may infringe on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Yunming Zhang , Dengpan Ye , Sipeng Shen , Jun Wang

This paper addresses the problem of automatic speech recognition (ASR) of a target speaker in background speech. The novelty of our approach is that we focus on a wakeup keyword, which is usually used for activating ASR systems like smart…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-11-08 Yusuke Kida , Dung Tran , Motoi Omachi , Toru Taniguchi , Yuya Fujita

The advancements in audio generative models have opened up new challenges in their responsible disclosure and the detection of their misuse. In response, we introduce a method to watermark latent generative models by a specific watermarking…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Robin San Roman , Pierre Fernandez , Antoine Deleforge , Yossi Adi , Romain Serizel

In the realm of audio watermarking, it is challenging to simultaneously encode imperceptible messages while enhancing the message capacity and robustness. Although recent advancements in deep learning-based methods bolster the message…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Mayank Kumar Singh , Naoya Takahashi , Weihsiang Liao , Yuki Mitsufuji

Embedding-as-a-Service (EaaS) is an effective and convenient deployment solution for addressing various NLP tasks. Nevertheless, recent research has shown that EaaS is vulnerable to model extraction attacks, which could lead to significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Shufan Yang , Zifeng Cheng , Zhiwei Jiang , Yafeng Yin , Cong Wang , Shiping Ge , Yuchen Fu , Qing Gu

As deep learning advances in audio generation, challenges in audio security and copyright protection highlight the need for robust audio watermarking. Recent neural network-based methods have made progress but still face three main issues:…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Yaoxun Xu , Jianwei Yu , Hangting Chen , Zhiyong Wu , Xixin Wu , Dong Yu , Rongzhi Gu , Yi Luo

We propose a watermarking method for protecting the Intellectual Property (IP) of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). The aim is to watermark the GAN model so that any image generated by the GAN contains an invisible watermark…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-09 Jianwei Fei , Zhihua Xia , Benedetta Tondi , Mauro Barni

As deep learning (DL) models are widely and effectively used in Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) platforms, there is a rapidly growing interest in DL watermarking techniques that can be used to confirm the ownership of a particular…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Mikhail Pautov , Nikita Bogdanov , Stanislav Pyatkin , Oleg Rogov , Ivan Oseledets

Machine learning (ML) models are applied in an increasing variety of domains. The availability of large amounts of data and computational resources encourages the development of ever more complex and valuable models. These models are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Franziska Boenisch

Advances in neural speech synthesis have brought us technology that is not only close to human naturalness, but is also capable of instant voice cloning with little data, and is highly accessible with pre-trained models available.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-03 Lauri Juvela , Xin Wang

The rapid growth of Large Language Models (LLMs) has highlighted the pressing need for reliable mechanisms to verify content ownership and ensure traceability. Watermarking offers a promising path forward, but it remains limited by privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Thomas Fargues , Ye Dong , Tianwei Zhang , Jin-Song Dong

Language generation models have been an increasingly powerful enabler for many applications. Many such models offer free or affordable API access, which makes them potentially vulnerable to model extraction attacks through distillation. To…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Xuandong Zhao , Yu-Xiang Wang , Lei Li

Adoption of machine learning models across industries have turned Neural Networks (DNNs) into a prized Intellectual Property (IP), which needs to be protected from being stolen or being used without authorization. This topic gave rise to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Yi Hao Puah , Anh Tu Ngo , Nandish Chattopadhyay , Anupam Chattopadhyay

Watermarking techniques offer a promising way to identify machine-generated content via embedding covert information into the contents generated from language models. A challenge in the domain lies in preserving the distribution of original…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Yihan Wu , Zhengmian Hu , Junfeng Guo , Hongyang Zhang , Heng Huang

Potential harms of large language models can be mitigated by watermarking model output, i.e., embedding signals into generated text that are invisible to humans but algorithmically detectable from a short span of tokens. We propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-03 John Kirchenbauer , Jonas Geiping , Yuxin Wen , Jonathan Katz , Ian Miers , Tom Goldstein