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Ising machines exploit the natural dynamics of physical systems to minimize the Ising Hamiltonian and thereby address computationally hard combinatorial optimization problems. This paradigm has motivated a range of physical implementations.…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 Abir Hasan , Nikhil Shukla

Ising machines, which are dynamical systems designed to operate in a parallel and iterative manner, have emerged as a new paradigm for solving combinatorial optimization problems. Despite computational advantages, the quality of solutions…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-01-30 Shu Zhou , K. Y. Michael Wong , Juntao Wang , David Shui Wing Hui , Daniel Ebler , Jie Sun

Conventional computing architectures have no known efficient algorithms for combinatorial optimization tasks, which are encountered in fundamental areas and real-world practical problems including logistics, social networks, and…

It is challenging to scale Ising machines for industrial-level problems due to algorithm or hardware limitations. Although higher-order Ising models provide a more compact encoding, they are, however, hard to physically implement. This work…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Yunuo Cen , Zhiwei Zhang , Zixuan Wang , Yimin Wang , Xuanyao Fong

A network of optical parametric oscillators is used to simulate classical Ising and XY spin chains. The collective nonlinear dynamics of this network, driven by quantum noise rather than thermal fluctuations, seeks out the Ising / XY ground…

This paper draws attention to a hardware system which can be engineered so that its intrinsic physics is described by the generalized Ising model and can encode the solution to many important NP-hard problems as its ground state. The basic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-03-28 Brian Sutton , Kerem Yunus Camsari , Behtash Behin-Aein , Supriyo Datta

Simulating a network of Ising spins with physical systems is now emerging as a promising approach for solving mathematically intractable problems. Here we report a large-scale network of artificial spins based on degenerate optical…

Given the fundamental importance of combinatorial optimization across many diverse application domains, there has been widespread interest in the development of unconventional physical computing architectures that can deliver better…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2023-09-18 Atsushi Yamamura , Hideo Mabuchi , Surya Ganguli

Non-deterministic polynomial-time (NP) problems are ubiquitous in almost every field of study. Recently, all-optical approaches have been explored for solving classic NP problems based on the spin-glass Ising Hamiltonian. However, obtaining…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-12-15 Louis Delloye , Gianni Jacucci , Raj Pandya , Davide Pierangeli , Claudio Conti , Sylvain Gigan

In this study, we present a novel analytical approach to solving large-scale Ising problems by reformulating the discrete Ising Hamiltonian into a continuous framework. This transformation enables us to derive exact solutions for a…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-08-04 Amirhossein Rezaei , Mahmood Hasani , Alireza Rezaei , S. M. Hassan Halataei

The study of frustrated spin systems often requires time-consuming numerical simulations. As the simplest approach, the classical Ising model is often used to investigate the thermodynamic behavior of such systems. Exploiting the small…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-05-30 Bilin Zhuang , Courtney Lannert

Optimal MIMO detection has been one of the most challenging and computationally inefficient tasks in wireless systems. We show that the new analog computing techniques like Coherent Ising Machines (CIM) are promising candidates for…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Abhishek Kumar Singh , Kyle Jamieson , Davide Venturelli , Peter McMahon

The Ising model is a simple statistical model for ferromagnetism. There are analytic solutions for low dimensions and very efficient Monte Carlo methods, such as cluster algorithms, for simulating this model in special cases. However most…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-08-25 Johann Ostmeyer , Evan Berkowitz , Thomas Luu , Marcus Petschlies , Ferenc Pittler

Dynamical Ising machines are continuous dynamical systems that evolve from a generic initial state to a state strongly related to the ground state of the classical Ising model. We show that such a machine driven by the V${}_2$ dynamical…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Mikhail Erementchouk , Aditya Shukla , Pinaki Mazumder

Ising solvers offer a promising physics-based approach to tackle the challenging class of combinatorial optimization problems. However, typical solvers operate in a quadratic energy space, having only pair-wise coupling elements which…

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technique is important for achieving a high data rate in next-generation wireless communications. A key challenge to fully utilizing the effectiveness of the NOMA technique is the optimization of the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Teppei Otsuka , Aohan Li , Hiroki Takesue , Kensuke Inaba , Kazuyuki Aihara , Mikio Hasegawa

We propose a solid-state hybrid platform based on an array of implanted nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond magnetically coupled to a mechanical oscillator. The mechanical oscillator and the NV electronic spins both act as a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-09 Puhao Cao , Ralf Betzholz , Jianming Cai

Oscillator-based Ising machines (OIMs) and oscillator-based Potts machines (OPMs) have emerged as promising hardware accelerators for solving NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems by leveraging the phase dynamics of coupled…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Yilmaz Ege Gonul , Ceyhun Efe Kayan , Ilknur Mustafazade , Nagarajan Kandasamy , Baris Taskin

Analog computing using bosonic computational states is a leading approach to surpassing the computational speed and energy limitations of von Neumann architectures. But the challenges of manufacturing large-scale photonic integrated…

Optics · Physics 2025-07-22 Farhad Khosravi , Martin Perreault , Artur Scherer , Pooya Ronagh

The high-performance scalable parallel algorithm for rigorous calculation of partition function of lattice systems with finite number Ising spins was developed. The parallel calculations run by C++ code with using of Message Passing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2012-02-21 Alexey A. Peretyatko , Ivan A. Bogatyrev , Vitaliy Yu. Kapitan , Yury V. Kirienko , Konstantin V. Nefedev , Valery I. Belokon