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Co-creative Procedural Content Generation via Machine Learning (PCGML) refers to systems where a PCGML agent and a human work together to produce output content. One of the limitations of co-creative PCGML is that it requires co-creative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Zisen Zhou , Matthew Guzdial

Large Language Models (LLMs) have proven to be useful tools in various domains outside of the field of their inception, which was natural language processing. In this study, we provide practical directions on how to use LLMs to generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Muhammad U Nasir , Julian Togelius

Procedural content generation via Machine Learning (PCGML) is the umbrella term for approaches that generate content for games via machine learning. One of the benefits of PCGML is that, unlike search or grammar-based PCG, it does not…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-26 Matthew Guzdial , Joshua Reno , Jonathan Chen , Gillian Smith , Mark Riedl

Recently, the emergence of large language models (LLMs) has unlocked new opportunities for procedural content generation. However, recent attempts mainly focus on level generation for specific games with defined game rules such as Super…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Chengpeng Hu , Yunlong Zhao , Jialin Liu

The balancing process for game levels in a competitive two-player context involves a lot of manual work and testing, particularly in non-symmetrical game levels. In this paper, we propose an architecture for automated balancing of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Florian Rupp , Manuel Eberhardinger , Kai Eckert

Game level editing is the process of constructing a full game level starting from 3D asset libraries, e.g. 3d models, textures, shaders, scripts. In level editing, designers define the look and behavior of the whole level by placing…

Graphics · Computer Science 2016-03-03 Christian Santoni , Gabriele Salvati , Valentina Tibaldo , Fabio Pellacini

Procedural Content Generation for 3D game levels faces challenges in balancing spatial coherence, navigational functionality, and adaptable gameplay progression across multi-floor environments. This paper introduces a novel framework for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Kaijie Xu , Clark Verbrugge

We introduce a procedural content generation (PCG) framework at the intersections of experience-driven PCG and PCG via reinforcement learning, named ED(PCG)RL, EDRL in short. EDRL is able to teach RL designers to generate endless playable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Tianye Shu , Jialin Liu , Georgios N. Yannakakis

Video game level generation based on machine learning (ML), in particular, deep generative models, has attracted attention as a technique to automate level generation. However, applications of existing ML-based level generations are mostly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Takumi Tanabe , Kazuto Fukuchi , Jun Sakuma , Youhei Akimoto

We present practical approaches of using deep learning to create and enhance level maps and textures for video games -- desktop, mobile, and web. We aim to present new possibilities for game developers and level artists. The task of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-16 Piotr Migdał , Bartłomiej Olechno , Błażej Podgórski

We address the problem of game level repair, which consists of taking a designed but non-functional game level and making it functional. This might consist of ensuring the completeness of the level, reachability of objects, or other…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Debosmita Bhaumik , Julian Togelius , Georgios N. Yannakakis , Ahmed Khalifa

We investigate how reinforcement learning can be used to train level-designing agents. This represents a new approach to procedural content generation in games, where level design is framed as a game, and the content generator itself is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-14 Ahmed Khalifa , Philip Bontrager , Sam Earle , Julian Togelius

The procedural generation of levels and content in video games is a challenging AI problem. Often such generation relies on an intelligent way of evaluating the content being generated so that constraints are satisfied and/or objectives…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-04-22 Ahmed Khalifa , Michael Cerny Green , Gabriella Barros , Julian Togelius

Recent research shows how diffusion models can unconditionally generate tile-based game levels, but use of diffusion models for text-to-level generation is underexplored. There are practical considerations for creating a usable model:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Jacob Schrum , Olivia Kilday , Emilio Salas , Bess Hagan , Reid Williams

Procedural Content Generation via Reinforcement Learning (PCGRL) offers a method for training controllable level designer agents without the need for human datasets, using metrics that serve as proxies for level quality as rewards. Existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Sam Earle , Zehua Jiang , Eugene Vinitsky , Julian Togelius

Levels are a key component of many different video games, and a large body of work has been produced on how to procedurally generate game levels. Recently, Machine Learning techniques have been applied to video game level generation towards…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2016-07-05 Adam James Summerville , Sam Snodgrass , Michael Mateas , Santiago Ontañón

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized the capabilities of text comprehension and generation. Multi-modal generation attracts great attention from both the industry and academia, but there is little work on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Xiaoteng Shen , Rui Zhang , Xiaoyan Zhao , Jieming Zhu , Xi Xiao

The balancing process for game levels in competitive two-player contexts involves a lot of manual work and testing, particularly for non-symmetrical game levels. In this work, we frame game balancing as a procedural content generation task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Florian Rupp , Manuel Eberhardinger , Kai Eckert

We present tile2tile, an approach for style transfer between levels of tile-based platformer games. Our method involves training models that translate levels from a lower-resolution sketch representation based on tile affordances to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Anurag Sarkar , Seth Cooper

Procedural Content Generation (PCG) refers to the practice, in videogames and other games, of generating content such as levels, quests, or characters algorithmically. Motivated by the need to make games replayable, as well as to reduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-18 Sebastian Risi , Julian Togelius