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Current implementations of quantum computers suffer from large numbers of control lines per qubit, becoming unmanageable with system scale up. Here, we discuss a sparse spin-qubit architecture featuring integrated control electronics…

The spin states of single electrons in gate-defined quantum dots satisfy crucial requirements for a practical quantum computer. These include extremely long coherence times, high-fidelity quantum operation, and the ability to shuttle…

The promise of quantum computation is contingent upon physical qubits with both low gate error rate and broad scalability. Silicon-based spins are a leading qubit platform, but demonstrations to date have not utilized fabrication processes…

Semiconductor quantum dot spin qubits hold significant potential for scaling to millions of qubits for practical quantum computing applications, as their structure highly resembles the structure of conventional transistors. Since classical…

Coherent links between qubits separated by tens of micrometers are expected to facilitate scalable quantum computing architectures for spin qubits in electrically-defined quantum dots. These links create space for classical on-chip control…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-09-25 A. M. J. Zwerver , S. V. Amitonov , S. L. de Snoo , M. T. Mądzik , M. Russ , A. Sammak , G. Scappucci , L. M. K. Vandersypen

The simplicity of encoding a qubit in the state of a single electron spin and the potential for their integration into industry-standard microchips continue to drive the field of semiconductor-based quantum computing. However, after decades…

Quantum processor architectures must enable scaling to large qubit numbers while providing two-dimensional qubit connectivity and exquisite operation fidelities. For microwave-controlled semiconductor spin qubits, dense arrays have made…

The engineering of quantum devices has reached the stage where we now have small scale quantum processors containing multiple interacting qubits within them. Simple quantum circuits have been demonstrated and scaling up to larger numbers is…

Spin qubits in silicon quantum dot arrays are a promising quantum computation platform for long-term scalability due to their small qubit footprint and compatibility with advanced semiconductor manufacturing. However, spin qubit devices…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-11 Jason D. Chadwick , Willers Yang , Joshua Viszlai , Frederic T. Chong

It is well understood that a two-dimensional grid of locally-interacting qubits is a promising platform for achieving fault tolerant quantum computing. However in the near-future, it may prove less challenging to develop lower dimensional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-28 Adam Siegel , Armands Strikis , Michael Fogarty

All-electrical baseband control of qubits facilitates scaling up quantum processors by removing issues of crosstalk and heat generation. In semiconductor quantum dots, this is enabled by multi-spin qubit encodings, such as the exchange-only…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-11-10 Maximilian Rimbach-Russ , Valentin John , Barnaby van Straaten , Stefano Bosco

Future universal quantum computers solving problems of practical relevance are expected to require at least $10^6$ qubits, which is a massive scale-up from the present numbers of less than 50 qubits operated together. Out of the different…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-03 Lotte Geck , Andre Kruth , Hendrik Bluhm , Stefan van Waasen , Stefan Heinen

Inspired by the challenge of scaling up existing silicon quantum hardware, we investigate compilation strategies for sparsely-connected 2d qubit arrangements and propose a spin-qubit architecture with minimal compilation overhead. Our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-11 O. Crawford , J. R. Cruise , N. Mertig , M. F. Gonzalez-Zalba

Creating a quantum-coherent architecture at the atomic scale has long been an ambition in quantum science and nanotechnology. This ultimate length scale requires the use of fundamental quantum properties of atoms, such as the spin of…

A key virtue of spin qubits is their sub-micron footprint, enabling a single silicon chip to host the millions of qubits required to execute useful quantum algorithms with error correction. With each physical qubit needing multiple control…

Semiconductor spins are one of the few qubit realizations that remain a serious candidate for the implementation of large-scale quantum circuits. Excellent scalability is often argued for spin qubits defined by lithography and controlled…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-01-18 L. M. K. Vandersypen , H. Bluhm , J. S. Clarke , A. S. Dzurak , R. Ishihara , A. Morello , D. J. Reilly , L. R. Schreiber , M. Veldhorst

Spins confined in quantum dots are a leading candidate for solid-state quantum bits that can be coherently controlled by optical pulses. There are, however, many challenges to developing a scalable multibit information processing device…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2012-09-26 Sophia E. Economou , Juan I. Climente , Antonio Badolato , Allan S. Bracker , Daniel Gammon , Matthew F. Doty

Large-scale integration of semiconductor spin qubits into quantum processors hinges on the ability to characterize quantum components at scale, a task challenged by their operation at sub-kelvin temperatures, in the presence of magnetic…

A core challenge for superconducting quantum computers is to scale up the number of qubits in each processor without increasing noise or cross-talk. Distributed quantum computing across small qubit arrays, known as chiplets, can address…

Recent advances in quantum error correction (QEC) codes for fault-tolerant quantum computing \cite{Terhal2015} and physical realizations of high-fidelity qubits in a broad range of platforms \cite{Kok2007, Brown2011, Barends2014,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-01-18 M. Veldhorst , H. G. J. Eenink , C. H. Yang , A. S. Dzurak
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