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Customer service is a setting that calls for empathy in live human agent responses. Recent advances have demonstrated how open-domain chatbots can be trained to demonstrate empathy when responding to live human utterances. We show that a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-06 Akshay Agarwal , Shashank Maiya , Sonu Aggarwal

Chatbots are popular machine partners for task-oriented and social interactions. Human-human computer-mediated communication research has explored how people express their gender and sexuality in online social interactions, but little is…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Justin Edwards , Leigh Clark , Allison Perrone

In recent times, a large number of people have been involved in establishing their own businesses. Unlike humans, chatbots can serve multiple customers at a time, are available 24/7 and reply in less than a fraction of a second. Though…

Using chatbots to deliver recommendations is increasingly popular. The design of recommendation chatbots has primarily been taking an information-centric approach by focusing on the recommended content per se. Limited attention is on how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Kai-Hui Liang , Weiyan Shi , Yoojung Oh , Hao-Chuan Wang , Jingwen Zhang , Zhou Yu

As we build towards developing interactive systems that can recognize human emotional states and respond to individual needs more intuitively and empathetically in more personalized and context-aware computing time. This is especially…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Rahul Islam , Sang Won Bae

Emotion detection in dialogues is challenging as it often requires the identification of thematic topics underlying a conversation, the relevant commonsense knowledge, and the intricate transition patterns between the affective states. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Lixing Zhu , Gabriele Pergola , Lin Gui , Deyu Zhou , Yulan He

Empathetic dialogue is a human-like behavior that requires the perception of both affective factors (e.g., emotion status) and cognitive factors (e.g., cause of the emotion). Besides concerning emotion status in early work, the latest…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Yushan Qian , Bo Wang , Ting-En Lin , Yinhe Zheng , Ying Zhu , Dongming Zhao , Yuexian Hou , Yuchuan Wu , Yongbin Li

Achieving empathy is a crucial step toward humanized dialogue systems. Current approaches for empathetic dialogue generation mainly perceive an emotional label to generate an empathetic response conditioned on it, which simply treat…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Fengyi Fu , Lei Zhang , Quan Wang , Zhendong Mao

Since the late 1990s when speech companies began providing their customer-service software in the market, people have gotten used to speaking to machines. As people interact more often with voice and gesture controlled machines, they expect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-05-16 Pascale Fung , Dario Bertero , Yan Wan , Anik Dey , Ricky Ho Yin Chan , Farhad Bin Siddique , Yang Yang , Chien-Sheng Wu , Ruixi Lin

Conversational AI is increasingly deployed in emotionally charged and ethically sensitive interactions. Previous research has primarily concentrated on emotional benchmarks or static safety checks, overlooking how alignment unfolds in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Jiawen Deng , Wentao Zhang , Ziyun Jiao , Fuji Ren

Users interacting with voice assistants today need to phrase their requests in a very specific manner to elicit an appropriate response. This limits the user experience, and is partly due to the lack of reasoning capabilities of dialogue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Yi-Lin Tuan , Sajjad Beygi , Maryam Fazel-Zarandi , Qiaozi Gao , Alessandra Cervone , William Yang Wang

Emotion is intrinsic to humans and consequently emotion understanding is a key part of human-like artificial intelligence (AI). Emotion recognition in conversation (ERC) is becoming increasingly popular as a new research frontier in natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-09 Soujanya Poria , Navonil Majumder , Rada Mihalcea , Eduard Hovy

LLM-based chatbots are now being specifically designed to facilitate social companionship, even romantic relationships, incorporating features that parallel human relationship dynamics. This has led a subset of users to form romantic…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Paula Ebner , Jessica Szczuka

The development of chatbots requires collecting a large number of human-chatbot dialogues to reflect the breadth of users' sociodemographic backgrounds and conversational goals. However, the resource requirements to conduct the respective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Hovhannes Tamoyan , Hendrik Schuff , Iryna Gurevych

A humanized dialogue system is expected to generate empathetic replies, which should be sensitive to the users' expressed emotion. The task of empathetic dialogue generation is proposed to address this problem. The essential challenges lie…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Qintong Li , Hongshen Chen , Zhaochun Ren , Pengjie Ren , Zhaopeng Tu , Zhumin Chen

Emotion Recognition in Conversation (ERC) has become a fundamental capability for large language models (LLMs) in human-centric interaction. Beyond accurate recognition, coherent emotional expression is also crucial, yet both are limited by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Shaowei Zhang , Faqiang Qian , Yan Chen , Ziliang Wang , Kang An , Yong Dai , Mengya Gao , Yichao Wu

The performance of ChatGPT\copyright{} and other LLMs has improved tremendously, and in online environments, they are increasingly likely to be used in a wide variety of situations, such as ChatBot on web pages, call center operations using…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Hiroki Tanioka , Tetsushi Ueta , Masahiko Sano

Evaluating Large Language Models' (LLMs) anthropomorphic capabilities has become increasingly important in contemporary discourse. Utilizing the emotion appraisal theory from psychology, we propose to evaluate the empathy ability of LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Jen-tse Huang , Man Ho Lam , Eric John Li , Shujie Ren , Wenxuan Wang , Wenxiang Jiao , Zhaopeng Tu , Michael R. Lyu

Access to mental health support remains limited, particularly in marginalized communities where structural and cultural barriers hinder timely care. This paper explores the potential of AI-enabled chatbots as a scalable solution, focusing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Rawan AlMakinah , Andrea Norcini-Pala , Lindsey Disney , M. Abdullah Canbaz

When engaging in conversations, dialogue agents in a virtual simulation environment may exhibit their own emotional states that are unrelated to the immediate conversational context, a phenomenon known as self-emotion. This study explores…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Qiang Zhang , Jason Naradowsky , Yusuke Miyao