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With the growing demand for interpretable deep learning models, this paper introduces Integrative CAM, an advanced Class Activation Mapping (CAM) technique aimed at providing a holistic view of feature importance across Convolutional Neural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Aniket K. Singh , Debasis Chaudhuri , Manish P. Singh , Samiran Chattopadhyay

As deep learning continues to advance, the transparency of neural network decision-making remains a critical challenge, limiting trust and applicability in high-stakes domains. Class Activation Mapping (CAM) techniques have emerged as a key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Hongjie He , Xu Pan , Yudong Yao

We present a new model, training procedure and architecture to create precise maps of distinction between two classes of images. The objective is to comprehend, in pixel-wise resolution, the unique characteristics of a class. These maps can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Elnatan Kadar , Jonathan Brokman , Guy Gilboa

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) achieve prevailing results in segmentation tasks nowadays and represent the state-of-the-art for image-based analysis. However, the understanding of the accurate decision-making process of a CNN is…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-01 Tillmann Rheude , Andreas Wirtz , Arjan Kuijper , Stefan Wesarg

Although saliency maps can highlight important regions to explain the reasoning behind image classification in artificial intelligence (AI), the meaning of these regions is left to the user's interpretation. In contrast, conceptbased…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Michihiro Kuroki , Toshihiko Yamasaki

Class Activation Mapping (CAM) methods are widely used to visualize neural network decisions, yet their underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. To enhance the understanding of CAM methods and improve their explainability, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Huaiguang Cai

Importance estimators are explainability methods that quantify feature importance for deep neural networks (DNN). In vision transformers (ViT), the self-attention mechanism naturally leads to attention maps, which are sometimes interpreted…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Lennart Brocki , Jakub Binda , Neo Christopher Chung

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are deep learning models that take graph data as inputs, and they are applied to various tasks such as traffic prediction and molecular property prediction. However, owing to the complexity of the GNNs, it has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Tetsu Kasanishi , Xueting Wang , Toshihiko Yamasaki

Generalized additive models (GAMs) provide a way to blend parametric and non-parametric (function approximation) techniques together, making them flexible tools suitable for many modeling problems. For instance, GAMs can be used to…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-07 Antti Solonen , Stratos Staboulis

Attention models have recently emerged as a powerful approach, demonstrating significant progress in various fields. Visualization techniques, such as class activation mapping, provide visual insights into the reasoning of convolutional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Ali Caglayan , Nevrez Imamoglu , Oguzhan Guclu , Ali Osman Serhatoglu , Ahmet Burak Can , Ryosuke Nakamura

In this paper we propose an extension of the Attention Branch Network (ABN) by using instance segmentation for generating sharper attention maps for action recognition. Methods for visual explanation such as Grad-CAM usually generate blurry…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Tomoya Nitta , Tsubasa Hirakawa , Hironobu Fujiyoshi , Toru Tamaki

We investigate how generated structures of GANs correlate with their activations in hidden layers, with the purpose of better understanding the inner workings of those models and being able to paint structures with unconditionally trained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Rudolf Herdt , Peter Maass

Detecting unusual patterns in graph data is a crucial task in data mining. However, existing methods face challenges in consistently achieving satisfactory performance and often lack interpretability, which hinders our understanding of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Yifei Yang , Peng Wang , Xiaofan He , Dongmian Zou

Generalized additive models (GAMs) have become a leading modelclass for interpretable machine learning. However, there are many algorithms for training GAMs, and these can learn different or even contradictory models, while being equally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Chun-Hao Chang , Sarah Tan , Ben Lengerich , Anna Goldenberg , Rich Caruana

We describe an explainable AI saliency map method for use with deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) that is much more efficient than popular fine-resolution gradient methods. It is also quantitatively similar or better in accuracy. Our…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-11 T. Nathan Mundhenk , Barry Y. Chen , Gerald Friedland

Weakly supervised object localization has recently attracted attention since it aims to identify both class labels and locations of objects by using image-level labels. Most previous methods utilize the activation map corresponding to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-20 Seunghan Yang , Yoonhyung Kim , Youngeun Kim , Changick Kim

Humans continue to outperform modern AI systems in their ability to flexibly parse and understand complex visual scenes. Here, we present a novel module for visual reasoning, the Guided Attention Model for (visual) Reasoning (GAMR), which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Mohit Vaishnav , Thomas Serre

Gaining insight into how deep convolutional neural network models perform image classification and how to explain their outputs have been a concern to computer vision researchers and decision makers. These deep models are often referred to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Daniel Omeiza , Skyler Speakman , Celia Cintas , Komminist Weldermariam

Deep learning models as an emerging topic have shown great progress in various fields. Especially, visualization tools such as class activation mapping methods provided visual explanation on the reasoning of convolutional neural networks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Ali Caglayan , Nevrez Imamoglu , Oguzhan Guclu , Ali Osman Serhatoglu , Weimin Wang , Ahmet Burak Can , Ryosuke Nakamura

Recently, increasing attention has been drawn to the internal mechanisms of convolutional neural networks, and the reason why the network makes specific decisions. In this paper, we develop a novel post-hoc visual explanation method called…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Haofan Wang , Zifan Wang , Mengnan Du , Fan Yang , Zijian Zhang , Sirui Ding , Piotr Mardziel , Xia Hu
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