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An ideal imaging system provides a spatial resolution that is ultimately dictated by the numerical aperture (NA) of the illumination and collection optics. In biological tissue, resolution is further affected by scattering limiting the…

The rapid development of generative artificial intelligence (AI) has introduced significant opportunities for enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of image transmission within semantic communication systems. Despite these advancements,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Qiyu Ma , Wanli Ni , Zhijin Qin

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing emergency medicine by enhancing diagnostic processes and improving patient outcomes. This article provides a review of the current applications of AI in emergency imaging studies, focusing on…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-20 Gustavo Correia , Victor Alves , Paulo Novais

AIMS: Clinical radiographic imaging is seated upon the principle of differential keV photon transmission through an object. At clinical x-ray energies the scattering of photons causes signal noise and is utilized solely for transmission…

Medical Physics · Physics 2022-06-22 Ida Häggström , Lukas M. Carter , Thomas J. Fuchs , Adam L. Kesner

Photon-counting spectral computed tomography is now clinically available. These new detectors come with the promise of higher contrast-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution and improved low-dose imaging. However, one important design…

Medical Physics · Physics 2023-02-03 Dennis Hein , Konstantinos Liappis , Fredrik Grönberg , Alma Eguizabal , Mats Persson

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a popular imaging modality in dentistry for diagnosing and planning treatment for a variety of oral diseases with the ability to produce detailed, three-dimensional images of the teeth, jawbones, and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-08 Saba Sarwar , Suraiya Jabin

AI-based image reconstruction models are increasingly deployed in clinical workflows to improve image quality from noisy data, such as low-dose X-rays or accelerated MRI scans. However, these models are typically evaluated using pixel-level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Matteo Wohlrapp , Niklas Bubeck , Daniel Rueckert , William Lotter

PET image reconstruction is challenging due to the ill-poseness of the inverse problem and limited number of detected photons. Recently deep neural networks have been widely and successfully used in computer vision tasks and attracted…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-10-11 Kuang Gong , Jiahui Guan , Kyungsang Kim , Xuezhu Zhang , Georges El Fakhri , Jinyi Qi , Quanzheng Li

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging is a vital tool in medical diagnostics, offering detailed insights into molecular processes within the human body. However, PET images often suffer from complicated noise, which can obscure…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Xuehua Ye , Hongxu Yang , Adam J. Schwarz

This paper explores the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a tool for diagnosis, assessment, and intervention for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). It focuses particularly on AI's role in early diagnosis, utilizing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Aggeliki Sideraki , Christos-Nikolaos Anagnostopoulos

The third autoPET challenge introduced a new data-centric task this year, shifting the focus from model development to improving metastatic lesion segmentation on PET/CT images through data quality and handling strategies. In response, we…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-17 Balint Kovacs , Shuhan Xiao , Maximilian Rokuss , Constantin Ulrich , Fabian Isensee , Klaus H. Maier-Hein

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) image reconstruction is inherently challenged by Poisson noise and physical degradation factors, which are further exacerbated in limited-angle acquisitions. While deep learning methods demonstrate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Rüveyda Yilmaz , Yuli Wu , Johannes Stegmaier , Volkmar Schulz

In PET/CT imaging, CT is used for PET attenuation correction (AC). Mismatch between CT and PET due to patient body motion results in AC artifacts. In addition, artifact caused by metal, beam-hardening and count-starving in CT itself also…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-09-05 Luyao Shi , John A. Onofrey , Enette Mae Revilla , Takuya Toyonaga , David Menard , Jo-seph Ankrah , Richard E. Carson , Chi Liu , Yihuan Lu

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) has advanced significantly in the last few years. Such advancement comes with the urgent need for novel computational methods to handle the unique challenges of ST data analysis. Many artificial intelligence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Yijun Li , Stefan Stanojevic , Lana X. Garmire

Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly evolved into a critical technology; however, electrical hardware struggles to keep pace with the exponential growth of AI models. Free space optical hardware provides alternative approaches for…

Optics · Physics 2025-10-07 Xue Dong , Kai Lion , Fei Xia , YoonSeok Baek , Ziao Wang , Niao He , Sylvain Gigan

Artificial intelligence represents a new frontier in human medicine that could save more lives and reduce the costs, thereby increasing accessibility. As a consequence, the rate of advancement of AI in cancer medical imaging and more…

Photonic computing has emerged as a promising solution for accelerating computation-intensive artificial intelligence (AI) workloads. However, limited reconfigurability, high electrical-optical conversion cost, and thermal sensitivity limit…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Ziang Yin , Nicholas Gangi , Meng Zhang , Jeff Zhang , Rena Huang , Jiaqi Gu

Purpose: Scatter artifacts drastically degrade the image quality of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. Although deep learning-based methods show promise in estimating scatter from CBCT measurements, their deployment in mobile CBCT…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-12 Harshit Agrawal , Ari Hietanen , Simo Särkkä

Efficient and effective assessment of acute and chronic wounds can help wound care teams in clinical practice to greatly improve wound diagnosis, optimize treatment plans, ease the workload and achieve health related quality of life to the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-10-13 D. M. Anisuzzaman , Chuanbo Wang , Behrouz Rostami , Sandeep Gopalakrishnan , Jeffrey Niezgoda , Zeyun Yu

Scatter can account for large errors in cone-beam CT (CBCT) due to its wide field of view, and its complicated nature makes its compensation difficult. Iterative polyenergetic reconstruction algorithms offer the potential to provide…

Medical Physics · Physics 2020-01-13 Jonathan H. Mason , Alessandro Perelli , William H. Nailon , Mike E. Davies