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Infrared spectra obtained from cell or tissue specimen have commonly been observed to involve a significant degree of (resonant) Mie scattering, which often overshadows biochemically relevant spectral information by a non-linear,…
Artificial intelligence (AI) is an extensive scientific discipline which enables computer systems to solve problems by emulating complex biological processes such as learning, reasoning and self-correction. This paper presents a…
Image data set from a multi-spectral animal imaging system is used to address two issues: (a) registering the oscillation in optical coherence tomography (OCT) images due to mouse eye movement and (b) suppressing the shadow region under the…
Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) is widely applied for the diagnosis of ischemic heart diseases. Low-dose (LD) SPECT aims to minimize radiation exposure but leads to increased image noise. Limited-angle (LA) SPECT enables…
Conditional diffusion models can create unseen images in various settings, aiding image interpolation. Interpolation in latent spaces is well-studied, but interpolation with specific conditions like text or poses is less understood. Simple…
Attenuation compensation (AC) is beneficial for visual interpretation tasks in single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). However, traditional AC methods require the availability of a transmission…
The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in biomedical imaging and radiotherapy is hindered by the limited availability of large imaging data repositories. With recent research and improvements in denoising diffusion…
Artificial intelligence (AI) models trained on published scientific findings have been used to invent valuable materials and targeted therapies, but they typically ignore the human scientists who continually alter the landscape of…
Recently, pre-trained language models (LMs) have achieved strong performance when fine-tuned on difficult benchmarks like SuperGLUE. However, performance can suffer when there are very few labeled examples available for fine-tuning. Pattern…
Diffusion models have shown great promise in medical image denoising and reconstruction, but their application to Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging remains limited by tracer-specific contrast variability and high computational…
Combining dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) with positron emission tomography (PET) offers many potential clinical applications but typically requires expensive hardware upgrades or increases radiation doses on PET/CT scanners due to…
Text-to-image diffusion models have impactful applications in art, design, and entertainment, yet these technologies also pose significant risks by enabling the creation and dissemination of misinformation. Although recent advancements have…
Recently, there has been great interest in developing Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled computer-aided diagnostics solutions for the diagnosis of skin cancer. With the increasing incidence of skin cancers, low awareness among a growing…
As photon counting detectors are being explored for medical and industrial imaging applications, there is a critical need to understand spectral characteristics of scattered x-ray photons. Scattered radiation is detrimental to x-ray imaging…
The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has catalyzed revolutionary changes across various sectors, notably in healthcare. In particular, generative AI-led by diffusion models and transformer architectures-has enabled…
To acquire high-quality positron emission tomography (PET) images while reducing the radiation tracer dose, numerous efforts have been devoted to reconstructing standard-dose PET (SPET) images from low-dose PET (LPET). However, the success…
Single-photon emission computed tomography for myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI SPECT) is a widely used diagnostic tool for coronary artery disease. However, the procedure requires considerable scanning time, leading to patient discomfort…
The field of steganography has experienced a surge of interest due to the recent advancements in AI-powered techniques, particularly in the context of multimodal setups that enable the concealment of signals within signals of a different…
While hundreds of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms are now approved or cleared by the US Food and Drugs Administration (FDA), many studies have shown inconsistent generalization or latent bias, particularly for underrepresented…
Digital co-addition of astronomical images is a common technique for increasing signal-to-noise and image depth. A modification of this simple technique has been applied to the detection of minor bodies in the Solar System: first stationary…