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In a recent opinion article, Muff et al. recapitulate well-known objections to the Neyman-Pearson Null-Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST) framework and call for reforming our practices in statistical reporting. We agree with them on…
Fisher's fiducial probability has recently received renewed attention under the name confidence. In this paper, we reformulate it within an extended-likelihood framework, a representation that helps to resolve many long-standing…
A skipped correlation has the advantage of dealing with outliers in a manner that takes into account the overall structure of the data cloud. For p-variate data, $p \ge 2$, there is an extant method for testing the hypothesis of a zero…
We study a natural variant of the implicational fragment of propositional logic. Its formulas are pairs of conjunctions of positive literals, related together by an implicational-like connective; the semantics of this sort of implication is…
(l) I have enough evidence to render the sentence S probable. (la) So, relative to what I know, it is rational of me to believe S. (2) Now that I have more evidence, S may no longer be probable. (2a) So now, relative to what I know, it is…
A recent proposal to "redefine statistical significance" (Benjamin, et al. Nature Human Behaviour, 2017) claims that false positive rates "would immediately improve" by factors greater than two and replication rates would double simply by…
This expository paper advocates an approach to physics in which ``typicality" is identified with a suitable form of algorithmic randomness. To this end various theorems from mathematics and physics are reviewed. Their original versions…
Empirical likelihood method has been applied to dependent observations by Monti (1997) through the Whittle's estimation method. Similar asymptotic distribution of the empirical likelihood ratio statistic for stationary time series has been…
We give a proof of Willcocks's Conjecture, stating that if $p - q$ and $p + q$ are relatively prime, then there exists a Hamiltonian tour of a $(p, q)$-leaper on a square chessboard of side $2(p + q)$. The conjecture was formulated by T. H.…
The role of probability appears unchallenged as the key measure of uncertainty, used among other things for practical induction in the empirical sciences. Yet, Popper was emphatic in his rejection of inductive probability and of the logical…
Possibilistic logic has been proposed as a numerical formalism for reasoning with uncertainty. There has been interest in developing qualitative accounts of possibility, as well as an explanation of the relationship between possibility and…
In the last two decades recurrence plots (RPs) were introduced in many different scientific disciplines. It turned out how powerful this method is. After introducing approaches of quantification of RPs and by the study of relationships…
The Lindy effect is a statistical tendency for things with longer pasts behind them to have longer futures ahead. It has been experimentally confirmed to apply to some categories, but not others, raising questions about when it is…
We present non-asymptotic two-sided bounds to the log-marginal likelihood in Bayesian inference. The classical Laplace approximation is recovered as the leading term. Our derivation permits model misspecification and allows the parameter…
Some data is linearly additive, other data is not. In this paper, I discuss types of data based on the boundedness of the data and their linearity. 1) Unbounded data can be linear. 2) One-side bounded data is usually log transformed to be…
In this note a two sided bound on the tail probability of sums of independent, and either symmetric or nonnegative, random variables is obtained. We utilize a recent result by Lata{\l}a on bounds on moments of such sums. We also give a new…
The aim of this article is to promote the use of probabilistic methods in the study of problems in mathematical general relativity. Two new and simple singularity theorems, whose features are different from the classical singularity…
This work is concern with testing the low-dimensional parameters of interest with divergent dimensional data and variable selection for the rest under the sparse case. A consistent test via the partial penalized likelihood approach, called…
This article develops $p$-values for evaluating means of normal populations that make use of indirect or prior information. A $p$-value of this type is based on a biased test statistic that is optimal on average with respect to a…
This paper presents a plausible reasoning system to illustrate some broad issues in knowledge representation: dualities between different reasoning forms, the difficulty of unifying complementary reasoning styles, and the approximate nature…