Related papers: Resurrecting the One-Sided P-value as a Likelihood…
Many representation schemes combining first-order logic and probability have been proposed in recent years. Progress in unifying logical and probabilistic inference has been slower. Existing methods are mainly variants of lifted variable…
Classical probability theory is based on assumptions which are often violated in practice. Therefore quantum probability is a proposed alternative not only in quantum physics, but also in other sciences. However, so far it mostly criticizes…
Here I discuss ideas that makes a synthesis of topology and probability theory. The idea is the following: given a set $X$, assign a number $p(A)\in [0,1]$ for any subset $A$ of $X$. We can interpret $p(A)$ as the probability of openness of…
Composite likelihood has shown promise in settings where the number of parameters $p$ is large due to its ability to break down complex models into simpler components, thus enabling inference even when the full likelihood is not tractable.…
In many fields of research null hypothesis significance tests and p values are the accepted way of assessing the degree of certainty with which research results can be extrapolated beyond the sample studied. However, there are very serious…
Probabilistic justification logic is a modal logic with two kind of modalities: probability measures and explicit justification terms. We present a tableau procedure that can be used to decide the satisfiability problem for this logic in…
In this paper (propositional) probability logic ($PL$) is investigated from model theoretic point of view. First of all, the ultraproduct construction is adapted for $\sigma$-additive probability models, and subsequently when this class of…
We propose a characterization of a $p$-Laplace higher eigenvalue based on the inverse iteration method with balancing the Rayleigh quotients of the positive and negative parts of solutions to consecutive $p$-Poisson equations. The approach…
We present a propositional logic %which can be used to reason about the uncertainty of events, where the uncertainty is modeled by a set of probability measures assigning an interval of probability to each event. We give a sound and…
We consider a new criterion-based approach to model selection in linear regression. Properties of selection criteria based on p-values of a likelihood ratio statistic are studied for families of linear regression models. We prove that such…
Removed by arXiv administration. This article was plagiarized directly from Stephen Cook's description of the problem for the Clay Mathematics Institute. See http://gauss.claymath.org:8888/millennium/P_vs_NP/pvsnp.pdf for the original text.
Equivalence tests, otherwise known as parity or similarity tests, are frequently used in ``bioequivalence studies" to establish practical equivalence rather than the usual statistical significant difference. In this article, we propose an…
The classical propositional assumption-based model is extended to incorporate probabilities for the assumptions. Then it is placed into the framework of evidence theory. Several authors like Laskey, Lehner (1989) and Provan (1990) already…
We comment on one of the earliest derivations of the so-called wave-particle duality relation. Our aim is to point out a slight technical flaw in the proof, fixing it. Neither the physical content of the duality relation nor its validity is…
We consider reusing established non-probabilistic output analyses (either forward or backwards) that yield over-approximations of a program's pre-image or image relation, e.g., interval analyses. We assume a probability measure over the…
Within classical propositional logic, assigning probabilities to formulas is shown to be equivalent to assigning probabilities to valuations. A novel notion of probabilistic entailment enjoying desirable properties of logical consequence is…
In this paper, we present a possible theoretical explanation for benford's law. We develop a recursive relation between the probabilities, using simple intuitive ideas. We first use numerical solutions of this recursion and verify that the…
We propose novel methodology for testing equality of model parameters between two high-dimensional populations. The technique is very general and applicable to a wide range of models. The method is based on sample splitting: the data is…
Our aim is to formulate and prove a weak form in equal characteristic $p>0$ of the $p$-curvature conjecture. We also show the existence of a counterexample to a strong form of it.
Prentice & Pyke (1979) established that the maximum likelihood estimate of an odds-ratio in a case-control study is the same as would be found by running a logistic regression: in other words, for this specific target the incorrect…