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The dynamics of magnetisation in a bounded ferromagnet in $\mathbb{R}^d$ ($d=1,2$) at high temperatures can be described by the stochastic Landau--Lifshitz--Bloch (sLLB) equation, which is a vector-valued quasilinear stochastic partial…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-23 Agus L. Soenjaya

Various applications ranging from spintronic devices, giant magnetoresistance sensors, and magnetic storage devices, include magnetic parts on very different length scales. Since the consideration of the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation…

The ultra-fast magnetisation relaxation rates during the laser-induced magnetisation process are analyzed in terms of the Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch (LLB) equation for different values of spin $S$. The LLB equation is equivalent in the limit $S…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-05-20 U. Atxitia , O. Chubykalo-Fesenko

The dynamical equation of the magnetization has been reconsidered with enlarging the phase space of the ferromagnetic degrees of freedom to the angular momentum. The generalized Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation that includes inertial terms,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-05-19 M. -C. Ciornei , J. M. Rubí , J. -E. Wegrowe

The current-induced magnetisation dynamics in a ferromagnet at elevated temperatures can be described by the Landau--Lifshitz--Bloch (LLB) equation with spin-torque terms. In this paper, we focus on the regime above the Curie temperature.…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-30 Agus L. Soenjaya

The Landau-Lisfhitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation has been the cornerstone of modeling the dynamics of localized spins, viewed as classical vectors of fixed length, within nonequilibrium magnets. When light is employed as the nonequilibrium drive,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-12-11 Felipe Reyes-Osorio , Branislav K. Nikolic

The Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation is widely used to describe magnetization dynamics. We develop a unified framework of the microscopic LLG equation based on the nonequilibrium Green's function formalism. We present a unified…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-10-16 Fuming Xu , Gaoyang Li , Jian Chen , Zhizhou Yu , Lei Zhang , Baigeng Wang , Jian Wang

We study the effect of an elliptically polarized magnetic field on a system of non-interacting, single-domain ferromagnetic nanoparticles characterized by a uniform distribution of easy axis directions. Our main goal is to determine the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-07-06 S. I. Denisov , T. V. Lyutyy , B. O. Pedchenko , O. M. Hryshko

We present efficient numerical methods for the simulation of small magnetization oscillations in three-dimensional micromagnetic systems. Magnetization dynamics is described by the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation, linearized in the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-01-18 Massimiliano d'Aquino , Riccardo Hertel

The Landau-Lifshitz equation is a coupled set of nonlinear partial differential equations that describes the dynamics of magnetization in a ferromagnet. This equation has an infinite number of stable equilibria. Steering the system from one…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-05-31 Amenda Chow , Kirsten A. Morris

We present a general finite element linearized Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation (LLGE) solver for magnetic systems under weak time-harmonic excitation field. The linearized LLGE is obtained by assuming a small deviation around the…

Applied Physics · Physics 2022-10-27 Zhuonan Lin , Vitaliy Lomakin

The influence of possible magnetic inertia effects has recently drawn attention in ultrafast magnetization dynamics and switching. Here we derive rigorously a description of inertia in the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation on the basis of…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-07-26 Ritwik Mondal , Marco Berritta , Ashis K. Nandy , Peter M. Oppeneer

The Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) and Landau-Lifshitz (LL) equations play an essential role for describing the dynamics of magnetization in solids. While a quantum analog of the LL dynamics has been proposed in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 147201…

Magnetic materials host a wealth of nonlinear dynamics, textures, and topological defects. This is possible due to the competition between strong nonlinearity and dispersion that act at the atomic scale as well as long-range interactions.…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-07-02 Kyle Rockwell , Joel Hirst , Thomas A. Ostler , Ezio Iacocca

The Landau-Lifshitz equation describes the dynamics of the magnetization inside ferromagnetic materials. This equation is highly nonlinear and has a non-convex constraint (the magnitude of the magnetization is constant) which pose…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-12-21 Eugenia Kim , Konstantin Lipnikov

In this paper, we consider spin-diffusion Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equations (SDLLG), which consist of the time-dependent Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation coupled with a time-dependent diffusion equation for the electron spin…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-10-01 Giovanni Di Fratta , Ansgar Jüngel , Dirk Praetorius , Valeriy Slastikov

The Landau--Lifshitz equation describes the dynamics of magnetization inside a ferromagnet. This equation is nonlinear and has an infinite number of stable equilibria. It is desirable to control the system from one equilibrium to another. A…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-09-29 Amenda Chow , Kirsten A. Morris

We derive the Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch (LLB) equation for a two-component magnetic system valid up to the Curie temperature. As an example, we consider disordered GdFeCo ferrimagnet where the ultrafast optically induced magnetization switching…

Materials Science · Physics 2016-11-11 U. Atxitia , P. Nieves , O. Chubykalo-Fesenko

The Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation, used to model magneto-dynamics in ferromagnets, tacitly assumes that the angular momentum associated with spin precession can relax instantaneously when the real or effective magnetic field…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-07-20 Rahnuma Rahman , Supriyo Bandyopadhyay

The gyromagnetic relation - i.e. the proportionality between the angular momentum $\vec L$ (defined by an inertial tensor) and the magnetization $\vec M$ - is evidence of the intimate connections between the magnetic properties and the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-05-30 J. -E. Wegrowe , M. -C. Ciornei