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We present the task of PreQuEL, Pre-(Quality-Estimation) Learning. A PreQuEL system predicts how well a given sentence will be translated, without recourse to the actual translation, thus eschewing unnecessary resource allocation when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Shachar Don-Yehiya , Leshem Choshen , Omri Abend

Recent advances in statistical machine translation via the adoption of neural sequence-to-sequence models empower the end-to-end system to achieve state-of-the-art in many WMT benchmarks. The performance of such machine translation (MT)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Kai Fan , Jiayi Wang , Bo Li , Fengming Zhou , Boxing Chen , Luo Si

Current Machine Translation systems achieve very good results on a growing variety of language pairs and data sets. However, it is now well known that they produce fluent translation outputs that often can contain important meaning errors.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Vibhuti Kumari , Narayana Murthy Kavi

Quality Estimation (QE) models have the potential to change how we evaluate and maybe even train machine translation models. However, these models still lack the robustness to achieve general adoption. We show that State-of-the-art QE…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Muhammed Yusuf Kocyigit , Jiho Lee , Derry Wijaya

Quality Estimation (QE) is the task of predicting the quality of Machine Translation (MT) system output, without using any gold-standard translation references. State-of-the-art QE models are supervised: they require human-labeled quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-14 Tu Anh Dinh , Jan Niehues

Quality estimation (QE) plays a crucial role in machine translation (MT) workflows, as it serves to evaluate generated outputs that have no reference translations and to determine whether human post-editing or full retranslation is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Assaf Siani , Anna Kernerman , Ilan Kernerman

Quality Estimation (QE) models for Neural Machine Translation (NMT) predict the quality of the hypothesis without having access to the reference. An emerging research direction in NMT involves the use of QE models, which have demonstrated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Sai Koneru , Matthias Huck , Miriam Exel , Jan Niehues

Simultaneous interpretation, translation of the spoken word in real-time, is both highly challenging and physically demanding. Methods to predict interpreter confidence and the adequacy of the interpreted message have a number of potential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-09 Craig Stewart , Nikolai Vogler , Junjie Hu , Jordan Boyd-Graber , Graham Neubig

Quality estimation (QE) is the task of automatically evaluating the quality of translations without human-translated references. Calculating BLEU between the input sentence and round-trip translation (RTT) was once considered as a metric…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-30 Jihyung Moon , Hyunchang Cho , Eunjeong L. Park

Quality estimation (QE)-the automatic assessment of translation quality-has recently become crucial across several stages of the translation pipeline, from data curation to training and decoding. While QE metrics have been optimized to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Emmanouil Zaranis , Giuseppe Attanasio , Sweta Agrawal , André F. T. Martins

Translation Quality Evaluation (TQE) is an essential step of the modern translation production process. TQE is critical in assessing both machine translation (MT) and human translation (HT) quality without reference translations. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Serge Gladkoff , Lifeng Han , Gleb Erofeev , Irina Sorokina , Goran Nenadic

Providing quality scores along with Machine Translation (MT) output, so-called reference-free Quality Estimation (QE), is crucial to inform users about the reliability of the translation. We propose a model-specific, unsupervised QE…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Tu Anh Dinh , Tobias Palzer , Jan Niehues

Quality Estimation (QE) aims to assess machine translation quality without reference translations, but recent studies have shown that existing QE models exhibit systematic gender bias. In particular, they tend to favor masculine…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Jinhee Jang , Juhwan Choi , Dongjin Lee , Seunguk Yu , Youngbin Kim

Quality Estimation (QE) aims to assess the quality of machine translation (MT) outputs without relying on reference translations, making it essential for real-world, large-scale MT evaluation. Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Archchana Sindhujan , Girish A. Koushik , Shenbin Qian , Diptesh Kanojia , Constantin Orăsan

Pronoun translation is a longstanding challenge in neural machine translation (NMT), often requiring inter-sentential context to ensure linguistic accuracy. To address this, we introduce ProNMT, a novel framework designed to enhance pronoun…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Harshit Dhankhar , Baban Gain , Asif Ekbal , Yogesh Mani Tripathi

Quality Estimation, as a crucial step of quality control for machine translation, has been explored for years. The goal is to investigate automatic methods for estimating the quality of machine translation results without reference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Jiayi Wang , Ke Wang , Boxing Chen , Yu Zhao , Weihua Luo , Yuqi Zhang

Current state-of-the-art Quality Estimation (QE) in machine translation relies on massive, proprietary LLMs, raising data privacy concerns. We demonstrate that smaller, open-source LLMs (<30B parameters) are a viable, cost-effective and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Kamil Guttmann , Zofia Fraś , Artur Nowakowski , Krzysztof Jassem

Quality Estimation (QE) is the task of evaluating the quality of a translation when reference translation is not available. The goal of QE aligns with the task of corpus filtering, where we assign the quality score to the sentence pairs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Akshay Batheja , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

This paper investigates the reference-less evaluation of machine translation for low-resource language pairs, known as quality estimation (QE). Segment-level QE is a challenging cross-lingual language understanding task that provides a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Archchana Sindhujan , Diptesh Kanojia , Constantin Orasan , Shenbin Qian

From both human translators (HT) and machine translation (MT) researchers' point of view, translation quality evaluation (TQE) is an essential task. Translation service providers (TSPs) have to deliver large volumes of translations which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Serge Gladkoff , Irina Sorokina , Lifeng Han , Alexandra Alekseeva