Related papers: Gauge invariance in phase-gradient metagratings
Diffraction of electromagnetic plane waves by the gratings made by periodically corrugating the exposed planar boundaries of homogeneous, isotropic, linear dielectric--magnetic half--spaces is examined. The phase velocity vector in the…
We experimentally characterize the positions of the diffraction maxima of a phase grating on a screen, for laser light at oblique incidence (so-called off-plane diffraction or conical diffraction). We discuss the general case of off-plane…
Grating spectra exhibit sharp variations of the scattered light, known as grating anomalies. The latter are due to resonances that have fascinated specialists of optics and physics for decades and are nowadays used in many applications. We…
A general linear gauge-invariant equation for dispersive gravitational waves (GWs) propagating in matter is derived. This equation describes, on the same footing, both the usual tensor modes and the gravitational modes strongly coupled with…
We state the implications on the properties of vector mesons due to gauge invariance. In particular, we find that polarized vector mesons exhibit a property in the radiation distribution of order $\omega^{-1}$ in the photon energy, namely…
Gauge invariance was discovered in the development of classical electromagnetism and was required when the latter was formulated in terms of the scalar and vector potentials. It is now considered to be a fundamental principle of nature,…
Metasurfaces have attracted extensive interests due to their ability to locally manipulate optical parameters of light and easy integration to complex optical systems. Particularly, metasurfaces can provide a novel platform for splitting…
The gauge theory for random spin systems is extended to quantum spin glasses to derive a number of exact and/or rigorous results. The transverse Ising model and the quantum gauge glass are shown to be gauge invariant. For these models, an…
The diffraction of electromagnetic waves at the surface periodic structures accompanied by strong anomalous effects in different diffraction orders is considered in great detail for high-contrast interfaces. We restrict our discussion to…
We consider the spectral response of moving diffraction gratings, in which the incident light extends over a broad angular range and where the diffracted light is observed from a specific angle. We show that the dispersion relation between…
The aim of this paper is to show the gauge-invariance on the response of interferometers to gravitational waves (GWs). In this process, after a review of results on the Tranverse-Traceless (TT) gauge, where, in general, the theoretical…
In particle physics, the fundamental forces are subject to symmetries called gauge invariance. It is a redundancy in the mathematical description of any physical system. In this article I will demonstrate that the transformer architecture…
If two laser beams cross in a medium under shallow angle, the laser-induced grating consists of only a few grooves. In this situation, the phase between the grooves of the grating and its envelope is a decisive parameter for nonlinear…
In this work we present a new mechanism for designing phase-gradient metasurfaces (PGMs) to control an electromagnetic wavefront with high efficiency. Specifically, we design a transmission-type PGM formed by a periodic subwavelength…
A formula for the wavefront of a wave reflected from a diffraction grating with an arbitrary surface profile, as well as with arbitrary non-equidistant and non-parallel grooves was obtained. It was shown that the wavefront of the reflected…
The angular response of thin diffractive optical elements is highly correlated. For example, the angles of incidence and diffraction of a grating are locked through the grating momentum determined by the grating period. Other diffractive…
The concept of gauge invariance is one of the most subtle and useful concepts in modern theoretical physics. It is one of the Standard Model cornerstones. The main benefit due to the gauge invariance is that it can permit the comprehension…
We realize variable control of the group delay in an electromagnetically induced transparency-like metamaterial. Its unit cell is designed to have a bright mode and a dark mode. The coupling strength between these two modes is determined by…
Diffraction gratings have been proposed as core optical elements in future laser-interferometric gravitational-wave detectors. In this paper we derive equations for the coupling between alignment noise and phase noise at diffraction…
The general features of the light scattering resulting in the so-called resonant Wood's anomalies in the reflection and transmission spectra are described using the effective parameters of a quasi-guided mode. The expression determining the…