English

Transformer models are gauge invariant: A mathematical connection between AI and particle physics

Machine Learning 2024-12-20 v1 High Energy Physics - Theory

Abstract

In particle physics, the fundamental forces are subject to symmetries called gauge invariance. It is a redundancy in the mathematical description of any physical system. In this article I will demonstrate that the transformer architecture exhibits the same properties, and show that the default representation of transformers has partially, but not fully removed the gauge invariance.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2412.14543,
  title  = {Transformer models are gauge invariant: A mathematical connection between AI and particle physics},
  author = {Leo van Nierop},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.14543},
  year   = {2024}
}

Comments

10 pages, 2 figures, 1 table