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Regression-based predictive analytics used in modern kidney transplantation is known to inherit biases from training data. This leads to social discrimination and inefficient organ utilization, particularly in the context of a few social…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Mukund Telukunta , Venkata Sriram Siddhardh Nadendla , Morgan Stuart , Casey Canfield

We study minimum entropy submodular optimization, a common generalization of the minimum entropy set cover problem, studied earlier by Cardinal et al., and the submodular set cover problem. We give a general bound of the approximation…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-02-19 Cosmin Bonchiş , Gabriel Istrate

In urban transportation environments, drivers often encounter various path (route) options when navigating to their destinations. This emphasizes the importance of navigational recommendation systems (NRS), which simplify decision-making…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Ya-Ting Yang , Haozhe Lei , Quanyan Zhu

Many mechanisms for the emergence and maintenance of altruistic behavior in social dilemma situations have been proposed. Indirect reciprocity is one such mechanism, where other-regarding actions of a player are eventually rewarded by other…

Physics and Society · Physics 2010-06-08 Akio Iwagami , Naoki Masuda

This work deals with a mathematical analysis of sodium's transport in a tubular architecture of a kidney nephron. The nephron is modelled by two counter-current tubules. Ionic exchange occurs at the interface between the tubules and the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-05-18 Marta Marulli , Vuk Milisic , Nicolas Vauchelet

Repeated interactions are ubiquitous and known to promote social behaviour. While research often focuses on cooperation in the Prisoner's Dilemma, experimental evidence suggests repeated interactions also foster fairness. This study…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2026-04-07 Prosanta Mandal , Arunava Patra , Sagar Chakraborty

In repeated interactions between individuals, we do not expect that exactly the same situation will occur from one time to another. Contrary to what is common in models of repeated games in the literature, most real situations may differ a…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2007-05-23 Anders Eriksson , Kristian Lindgren

Experiments on the ultimatum game have revealed that humans are remarkably fond of fair play. When asked to share an amount of money, unfair offers are rare and their acceptance rate small. While empathy and spatiality may lead to the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-08-20 Attila Szolnoki , Matjaz Perc , Gyorgy Szabo

Work in Counterfactual Explanations tends to focus on the principle of "the closest possible world" that identifies small changes leading to the desired outcome. In this paper we argue that while this approach might initially seem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Rafael Poyiadzi , Kacper Sokol , Raul Santos-Rodriguez , Tijl De Bie , Peter Flach

Interdiction problems are leader-follower games in which the leader is allowed to delete a certain number of edges from the graph in order to maximally impede the follower, who is trying to solve an optimization problem on the impeded…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-10-02 Feng Pan , Aaron Schild

We consider the problem of selecting $k$ seed nodes in a network to maximize the minimum probability of activation under an independent cascade beginning at these seeds. The motivation is to promote fairness by ensuring that even the least…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Dennis Robert Windham , Caroline J. Wendt , Alex Crane , Madelyn J Warr , Freda Shi , Sorelle A. Friedler , Blair D. Sullivan , Aaron Clauset

Despite efforts to increase the supply of organs from living donors, most kidney transplants performed in Australia still come from deceased donors. The age of these donated organs has increased substantially in recent decades as the rate…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-10-19 Toby Walsh

We study no-money mechanisms for allocating indivisible items to strategic agents with additive preferences under a stochastic model. In this model, items' values are drawn from an underlying distribution and mechanisms are evaluated with…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Daniel Halpern , Alexandros Psomas , Shirley Zhang

We study the NP-hard Shortest Path Most Vital Edges problem arising in the context of analyzing network robustness. For an undirected graph with positive integer edge lengths and two designated vertices $s$ and $t$, the goal is to delete as…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-04-25 Cristina Bazgan , Till Fluschnik , André Nichterlein , Rolf Niedermeier , Maximilian Stahlberg

The on-line shortest path problem is considered under various models of partial monitoring. Given a weighted directed acyclic graph whose edge weights can change in an arbitrary (adversarial) way, a decision maker has to choose in each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Andras Gyorgy , Tamas Linder , Gabor Lugosi , Gyorgy Ottucsak

We study mechanisms that select a subset of the vertex set of a directed graph in order to maximize the minimum indegree of any selected vertex, subject to an impartiality constraint that the selection of a particular vertex is independent…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Javier Cembrano , Felix Fischer , Max Klimm

We design a flexible algorithm that exploits deceased donor kidneys to initiate chains of living donor kidney paired donations, combining deceased and living donor allocation mechanisms to improve the quantity and quality of kidney…

Tissues and Organs · Quantitative Biology 2019-01-09 Cristina Cornelio , Lucrezia Furian , Antonio Nicolo' , Francesca Rossi

Motivated by an application in kidney exchange, we study the following query-commit problem: we are given the set of vertices of a non-bipartite graph G. The set of edges in this graph are not known ahead of time. We can query any pair of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-08-26 Gagan Goel , Pushkar Tripathi

We consider multi-item exchange markets in which agents want to receive one of their target bundles of resources. The model encompasses well-studied markets for kidney exchange, lung exchange, and multi-organ exchange. We identify a general…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Haris Aziz

Individual fairness, which requires that similar individuals should be treated similarly by algorithmic systems, has become a central principle in fair machine learning. Individual fairness has garnered traction in graph representation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Rebecca Salganik , Yibin Wang , Guillaume Salha-Galvan , Jian Kang