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This paper presents an innovative exploration of the application potential of large language models (LLM) in addressing the challenging task of automatically generating behavior trees (BTs) for complex tasks. The conventional manual BT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Fu Li , Xueying Wang , Bin Li , Yunlong Wu , Yanzhen Wang , Xiaodong Yi

We study the problem of generating source code in a strongly typed, Java-like programming language, given a label (for example a set of API calls or types) carrying a small amount of information about the code that is desired. The generated…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-04-16 Vijayaraghavan Murali , Letao Qi , Swarat Chaudhuri , Chris Jermaine

Approaches based on generative adversarial networks for imitation learning are promising because they are sample efficient in terms of expert demonstrations. However, training a generator requires many interactions with the actual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Eiji Uchibe

Despite the growing prevalence of large language model (LLM) architectures, a crucial concern persists regarding their energy and power consumption, which still lags far behind the remarkable energy efficiency of the human brain. Recent…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Malyaban Bal , Yi Jiang , Abhronil Sengupta

Natural language to code generation is an important application area of LLMs and has received wide attention from the community. The majority of relevant studies have exclusively concentrated on increasing the quantity and functional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Naman Jain , Tianjun Zhang , Wei-Lin Chiang , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Koushik Sen , Ion Stoica

Energy efficiency has a significant influence on user experience of battery-driven devices such as smartphones and tablets. The goal of an energy model for source code is to lay a foundation for the application of energy-saving techniques…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-05-19 Xueliang Li , John P. Gallagher

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used for code generation. However, commercial models like ChatGPT require significant computing power, which leads to high energy use and carbon emissions. This has raised concerns about their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Humza Ashraf , Syed Muhammad Danish , Aris Leivadeas , Yazan Otoum , Zeeshan Sattar

Reliable abstention is critical for retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems, particularly in safety-critical domains such as women's health, where incorrect answers can lead to harm. We present an energy-based model (EBM) that learns a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Ravi Shankar , Sheng Wong , Lin Li , Magdalena Bachmann , Alex Silverthorne , Beth Albert , Gabriel Davis Jones

Advancements in natural language generation (NLG) and large language models (LLMs) have led to proficient text generation in various tasks. However, integrating intricate constraints into neural text generation, due to LLMs' opacity,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Xiang Chen , Xiaojun Wan

With the rapid progress of large language models (LLMs), reliably evaluating the capabilities of pre-trained LLMs has become increasingly important. The challenge is that base pre-trained models are optimized for next-token prediction and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Shaobo Wang , Guo Chen , Ziyue Wang , Zhengyang Tang , Qingyang Liu , Xingzhang Ren , Dayiheng Liu , Linfeng Zhang

Large Language Models have significantly advanced the field of code generation, demonstrating the ability to produce functionally correct code snippets. However, advancements in generative AI for code overlook foundational Software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Mootez Saad , José Antonio Hernández López , Boqi Chen , Neil Ernst , Dániel Varró , Tushar Sharma

Large language models (LLMs) are limited by substantial computational cost. We introduce a "computational economics" framework that treats an LLM as an internal economy of resource-constrained agents (attention heads and neuron blocks) that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Sandeep Reddy , Kabir Khan , Rohit Patil , Ananya Chakraborty , Faizan A. Khan , Swati Kulkarni , Arjun Verma , Neha Singh

Learning to generate fluent natural language from structured data with neural networks has become an common approach for NLG. This problem can be challenging when the form of the structured data varies between examples. This paper presents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-12 Sebastian Gehrmann , Falcon Z. Dai , Henry Elder , Alexander M. Rush

Large and small language models have been widely used for robotic task planning. At the same time, vision-language models (VLMs) have successfully tackled problems such as image captioning, scene understanding, and visual question…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Cristiano Battistini , Riccardo Andrea Izzo , Gianluca Bardaro , Matteo Matteucci

This paper studies a curious phenomenon in learning energy-based model (EBM) using MCMC. In each learning iteration, we generate synthesized examples by running a non-convergent, non-mixing, and non-persistent short-run MCMC toward the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-11-27 Erik Nijkamp , Mitch Hill , Song-Chun Zhu , Ying Nian Wu

Deep generative models (DGMs) are data-eager because learning a complex model on limited data suffers from a large variance and easily overfits. Inspired by the classical perspective of the bias-variance tradeoff, we propose regularized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Yong Zhong , Hongtao Liu , Xiaodong Liu , Fan Bao , Weiran Shen , Chongxuan Li

As point cloud provides a natural and flexible representation usable in myriad applications (e.g., robotics and self-driving cars), the ability to synthesize point clouds for analysis becomes crucial. Recently, Xie et al. propose a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Yang Ye , Shihao Ji

Optimizing scientific software is a difficult task because codebases are often large and complex, and performance can depend upon several factors including the algorithm, its implementation, and hardware among others. Causes of poor…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Daniel Nichols , Pranav Polasam , Harshitha Menon , Aniruddha Marathe , Todd Gamblin , Abhinav Bhatele

Code generation aims to automatically generate code snippets of specific programming language according to natural language descriptions. The continuous advancements in deep learning, particularly pre-trained models, have empowered the code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Zezhou Yang , Sirong Chen , Cuiyun Gao , Zhenhao Li , Xing Hu , Kui Liu , Xin Xia

Generative models for source code are an interesting structured prediction problem, requiring to reason about both hard syntactic and semantic constraints as well as about natural, likely programs. We present a novel model for this problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-18 Marc Brockschmidt , Miltiadis Allamanis , Alexander L. Gaunt , Oleksandr Polozov
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