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Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to support question answering and decision-making in high-stakes, domain-specific settings such as natural hazard response and infrastructure planning, where effective answers must convey…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Homaira Huda Shomee , Rochana Chaturvedi , Yangxinyu Xie , Tanwi Mallick

The Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) framework utilizes a combination of parametric knowledge and external knowledge to demonstrate state-of-the-art performance on open-domain question answering tasks. However, the RAG framework suffers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Kiseung Kim , Jay-Yoon Lee

Chat dialogues contain considerable useful information about a speaker's interests, preferences, and experiences.Thus, knowledge from open-domain chat dialogue can be used to personalize various systems and offer recommendations for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Ryutaro Asahara , Masaki Takahashi , Chiho Iwahashi , Michimasa Inaba

Considering the limited internal parametric knowledge, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has been widely used to extend the knowledge scope of large language models (LLMs). Despite the extensive efforts on RAG research, in existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Yuhao Wang , Ruiyang Ren , Junyi Li , Wayne Xin Zhao , Jing Liu , Ji-Rong Wen

There is an increasing focus on model-based dialog evaluation metrics such as ADEM, RUBER, and the more recent BERT-based metrics. These models aim to assign a high score to all relevant responses and a low score to all irrelevant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-25 Ananya B. Sai , Akash Kumar Mohankumar , Siddhartha Arora , Mitesh M. Khapra

Automatic evaluation of retrieval augmented generation (RAG) systems relies on fine-grained dimensions like faithfulness and relevance, as judged by expert human annotators. Meta-evaluation benchmarks support the development of automatic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 María Andrea Cruz Blandón , Jayasimha Talur , Bruno Charron , Dong Liu , Saab Mansour , Marcello Federico

Despite the recent advances in open-domain dialogue systems, building a reliable evaluation metric is still a challenging problem. Recent studies proposed learnable metrics based on classification models trained to distinguish the correct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-26 ChaeHun Park , Seungil Chad Lee , Daniel Rim , Jaegul Choo

In cognitive science and linguistic theory, dialogue is not seen as a chain of independent utterances but rather as a joint activity sustained by coherence, consistency, and shared understanding. However, many systems for open-domain and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Tianyi Zhang , David Traum

Recent model-based reference-free metrics for open-domain dialogue evaluation exhibit promising correlations with human judgment. However, they either perform turn-level evaluation or look at a single dialogue quality dimension. One would…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Chen Zhang , Luis Fernando D'Haro , Qiquan Zhang , Thomas Friedrichs , Haizhou Li

Evaluating the quality of open-domain chatbots has become increasingly reliant on LLMs acting as automatic judges. However, existing meta-evaluation benchmarks are static, outdated, and lacking in multilingual coverage, limiting their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-23 John Mendonça , Alon Lavie , Isabel Trancoso

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) architectures have recently garnered significant attention for their ability to improve truth grounding and coherence in natural language processing tasks. However, the reliability of RAG systems in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Joel Suro

Automatic open-domain dialogue evaluation is a crucial component of dialogue systems. Recently, learning-based evaluation metrics have achieved state-of-the-art performance in open-domain dialogue evaluation. However, these metrics, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Pengfei Zhang , Xiaohui Hu , Kaidong Yu , Jian Wang , Song Han , Cao Liu , Chunyang Yuan

Automatically evaluating the quality of dialogue responses for unstructured domains is a challenging problem. Unfortunately, existing automatic evaluation metrics are biased and correlate very poorly with human judgements of response…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-01-18 Ryan Lowe , Michael Noseworthy , Iulian V. Serban , Nicolas Angelard-Gontier , Yoshua Bengio , Joelle Pineau

Effective evaluation methods remain a significant challenge for research on open-domain conversational dialogue systems. Explicit satisfaction ratings can be elicited from users, but users often do not provide ratings when asked, and those…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Cat P. Le , Luke Dai , Michael Johnston , Yang Liu , Marilyn Walker , Reza Ghanadan

Current IR evaluation is based on relevance judgments, created either manually or automatically, with decisions outsourced to Large Language Models (LLMs). We offer an alternative paradigm, that never relies on relevance judgments in any…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Naghmeh Farzi , Laura Dietz

Existing automatic evaluation metrics for open-domain dialogue response generation systems correlate poorly with human evaluation. We focus on evaluating response generation systems via response selection. To evaluate systems properly via…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-30 Shiki Sato , Reina Akama , Hiroki Ouchi , Jun Suzuki , Kentaro Inui

User engagement is a critical metric for evaluating the quality of open-domain dialogue systems. Prior work has focused on conversation-level engagement by using heuristically constructed features such as the number of turns and the total…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-27 Sarik Ghazarian , Ralph Weischedel , Aram Galstyan , Nanyun Peng

Reward modeling is crucial for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences, especially in reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). However, current reward models mainly produce scalar scores and struggle to…

Automatic dialogue response evaluator has been proposed as an alternative to automated metrics and human evaluation. However, existing automatic evaluators achieve only moderate correlation with human judgement and they are not robust. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-27 Tianyu Zhao , Divesh Lala , Tatsuya Kawahara

We release MMSMR, a Massively Multi-System MultiReference dataset to enable future work on metrics and evaluation for dialog. Automatic metrics for dialogue evaluation should be robust proxies for human judgments; however, the verification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Huda Khayrallah , Zuhaib Akhtar , Edward Cohen , Jyothir S , João Sedoc