Related papers: Runtime Enforcement of Programmable Logic Controll…

Runtime verification offers scalable solutions to improve the safety and reliability of systems. However, systems that require verification or monitoring by a third party to ensure compliance with a specification might contain sensitive…

With increasingly sophisticated cyber-adversaries able to access a wider repertoire of mechanisms to implant malware such as ransomware, CPU/GPU keyloggers, and stealthy kernel rootkits, there is an urgent need for techniques to detect and…

LLM-based software engineering agents are increasingly used in real-world development tasks, often with access to sensitive data or security-critical codebases. Such agents could intentionally sabotage these codebases if they were…

Monitoring AIs at runtime can help us detect and stop harmful actions. In this paper, we study how to efficiently combine multiple runtime monitors into a single monitoring protocol. The protocol's objective is to maximize the probability…

We present Reelay, a unified online temporal logic monitoring framework designed for the rigorous analysis and runtime verification of cyber-physical systems. Reelay addresses the fragmentation of existing logical formalisms and tools by…

There are hardly any data sets publicly available that can be used to evaluate intrusion detection algorithms. The biggest threat for industrial applications arises from state-sponsored and criminal groups. Often, formerly unknown exploits…

Substantial efforts are invested in improving network security, but the threat landscape is rapidly evolving, particularly with the recent interest in programmable network hardware. We explore a new security threat, from an attacker who has…

Advanced embedded system technology is one of the key driving forces behind the rapid growth of Cyber-Physical System (CPS) applications. Cyber-Physical Systems are comprised of multiple coordinating and cooperating components, which are…

Cyber-physical systems are often safety-critical in that violations of safety properties may lead to catastrophes. We propose a method to enforce the safety of systems with real-valued signals by synthesizing a runtime enforcer called the…

The increasing interaction of industrial control systems (ICSs) with public networks and digital devices introduces new cyber threats to power systems and other critical infrastructure. Recent cyber-physical attacks such as Stuxnet and…

Increased connectivity and remote reprogrammability/reconfigurability features of embedded devices in current-day power systems (including interconnections between information technology -- IT -- and operational technology -- OT --…

This paper establishes a comprehensive theory of runtime monitorability for Hennessy-Milner logic with recursion, a very expressive variant of the modal $\mu$-calculus. It investigates the monitorability of that logic with a linear-time…

Learning-based methods provide a promising approach to solving highly non-linear control tasks that are often challenging for classical control methods. To ensure the satisfaction of a safety property, learning-based methods jointly learn a…

The verification and validation of cyber-physical systems is known to be a difficult problem due to the different modeling abstractions used for control components and for software components. A recent trend to address this difficulty is to…

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) with reinforcement learning (RL)-based controllers are increasingly being deployed in complex physical environments such as autonomous vehicles, the Internet-of-Things(IoT), and smart cities. An important…

The recent Meltdown and Spectre attacks highlight the importance of automated verification techniques for identifying hardware security vulnerabilities. We have developed a tool for synthesizing microarchitecture-specific programs capable…

Distributed algorithms have many mission-critical applications ranging from embedded systems and replicated databases to cloud computing. Due to asynchronous communication, process faults, or network failures, these algorithms are difficult…

Trusting software systems, particularly autonomous ones, is challenging. To address this, formal verification techniques can ensure these systems behave as expected. Runtime Verification (RV) is a leading, lightweight method for verifying…

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are instrumental in realizing complex perception systems. As many of these applications are safety-critical by design, engineering rigor is required to ensure that the functional insufficiency of the DNN-based…

Security-critical system requirements are increasingly enforced through mandatory access control systems. These systems are controlled by security policies, highly sensitive system components, which emphasizes the paramount importance of…