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This paper studies two fundamental problems in regularized Graphon Mean-Field Games (GMFGs). First, we establish the existence of a Nash Equilibrium (NE) of any $\lambda$-regularized GMFG (for $\lambda\geq 0$). This result relies on weaker…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Fengzhuo Zhang , Vincent Y. F. Tan , Zhaoran Wang , Zhuoran Yang

In this paper, we present a model of a game among teams. Each team consists of a homogeneous population of agents. Agents within a team are cooperative while the teams compete with other teams. The dynamics and the costs are coupled through…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Jayakumar Subramanian , Akshat Kumar , Aditya Mahajan

We consider learning approximate Nash equilibria for discrete-time mean-field games with nonlinear stochastic state dynamics subject to both average and discounted costs. To this end, we introduce a mean-field equilibrium (MFE) operator,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-11 Berkay Anahtarcı , Can Deha Karıksız , Naci Saldi

Here, we examine a mean-field game (MFG) that models the economic growth of a population of non-cooperative rational agents. In this MFG, agents are described by two state variables - the capital and consumer goods they own. Each agent…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-07-26 Diogo Gomes , Laurent Lafleche , Levon Nurbekyan

Mean field games (MFGs) have been introduced to study Nash equilibria in very large population of self-interested agents. However, when applied to common pool resource (CPR) games, MFG equilibria lead to the so-called tragedy of the commons…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-15 Gokce Dayanikli , Mathieu Lauriere

Fictitious play with reinforcement learning is a general and effective framework for zero-sum games. However, using the current deep neural network models, the implementation of fictitious play faces crucial challenges. Neural network model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Rong-Jun Qin , Jing-Cheng Pang , Yang Yu

Many large-scale platforms and networked control systems have a centralized decision maker interacting with a massive population of agents under strict observability constraints. Motivated by such applications, we study a cooperative Markov…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Emile Anand , Ishani Karmarkar

Understanding the evolutionary dynamics of reinforcement learning under multi-agent settings has long remained an open problem. While previous works primarily focus on 2-player games, we consider population games, which model the strategic…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Shuyue Hu , Chin-Wing Leung , Ho-fung Leung , Harold Soh

Mean-Field Control (MFC) has recently been proven to be a scalable tool to approximately solve large-scale multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) problems. However, these studies are typically limited to unconstrained cumulative reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Washim Uddin Mondal , Vaneet Aggarwal , Satish V. Ukkusuri

To achieve general intelligence, agents must learn how to interact with others in a shared environment: this is the challenge of multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL). The simplest form is independent reinforcement learning (InRL), where…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-11-08 Marc Lanctot , Vinicius Zambaldi , Audrunas Gruslys , Angeliki Lazaridou , Karl Tuyls , Julien Perolat , David Silver , Thore Graepel

This paper considers mean field games with optimal stopping time (OSMFGs) where agents make optimal exit decisions, the coupled obstacle and Fokker-Planck equations in such models pose challenges versus classic MFGs. This paper proposes a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-10-10 Chengfeng Shen , Yifan Luo , Zhennan Zhou

We investigate a class of reinforcement learning dynamics where players adjust their strategies based on their actions' cumulative payoffs over time - specifically, by playing mixed strategies that maximize their expected cumulative payoff…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-02-10 Panayotis Mertikopoulos , William H. Sandholm

We present a simulation-based approach for solution of mean field games (MFGs), using the framework of empirical game-theoretical analysis (EGTA). Our primary method employs a version of the double oracle, iteratively adding strategies…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Yongzhao Wang , Michael P. Wellman

Fictitious play (FP) is a well-studied algorithm that enables agents to learn Nash equilibrium in games with certain reward structures. However, when agents have no prior knowledge of the reward functions, FP faces a major challenge: the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Semih Kara , Tamer Başar

We study a Federated Reinforcement Learning (FedRL) problem with constraint heterogeneity. In our setting, we aim to solve a reinforcement learning problem with multiple constraints while $N$ training agents are located in $N$ different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Hao Jin , Liangyu Zhang , Zhihua Zhang

In nature, flocking or swarm behavior is observed in many species as it has beneficial properties like reducing the probability of being caught by a predator. In this paper, we propose SELFish (Swarm Emergent Learning Fish), an approach…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-05-13 Carsten Hahn , Thomy Phan , Thomas Gabor , Lenz Belzner , Claudia Linnhoff-Popien

Making sophisticated, robust, and safe sequential decisions is at the heart of intelligent systems. This is especially critical for planning in complex multi-agent environments, where agents need to anticipate other agents' intentions and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-01-29 Yichuan Charlie Tang

Flocking control is essential for multi-robot systems in diverse applications, yet achieving efficient flocking in congested environments poses challenges regarding computation burdens, performance optimality, and motion safety. This paper…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Dengyu Zhang , Chenghao , Feng Xue , Qingrui Zhang

Mean-field games (MFGs) are models for large populations of competing rational agents that seek to optimize a suitable functional. In the case of congestion, this functional takes into account the difficulty of moving in high-density areas.…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2017-10-05 David Evangelista , Rita Ferreira , Diogo A. Gomes , Levon Nurbekyan , Vardan Voskanyan

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a general framework for adaptive control, which has proven to be efficient in many domains, e.g., board games, video games or autonomous vehicles. In such problems, an agent faces a sequential decision-making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Olivier Buffet , Olivier Pietquin , Paul Weng