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We establish the convergence of the deep actor-critic reinforcement learning algorithm presented in [Angiuli et al., 2023a] in the setting of continuous state and action spaces with an infinite discrete-time horizon. This algorithm provides…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-11 Jean-Pierre Fouque , Mathieu Laurière , Mengrui Zhang

Mean field control (MFC) problems have been introduced to study social optima in very large populations of strategic agents. The main idea is to consider an infinite population and to simplify the analysis by using a mean field…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-01 Sebastian Baudelet , Brieuc Frénais , Mathieu Laurière , Amal Machtalay , Yuchen Zhu

We study two-layer neural networks in the mean field limit, where the number of neurons tends to infinity. In this regime, the optimization over the neuron parameters becomes the optimization over the probability measures, and by adding an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-17 Fan Chen , Zhenjie Ren , Songbo Wang

We study a class of stochastic dynamic games that exhibit strategic complementarities between players; formally, in the games we consider, the payoff of a player has increasing differences between her own state and the empirical…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2010-12-13 Sachin Adlakha , Ramesh Johari

Concave Utility Reinforcement Learning (CURL) extends RL from linear to concave utilities in the occupancy measure induced by the agent's policy. This encompasses not only RL but also imitation learning and exploration, among others. Yet,…

The mean field limit of large-population symmetric stochastic differential games is derived in a general setting, with and without common noise, on a finite time horizon. Minimal assumptions are imposed on equilibrium strategies, which may…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-08-13 Daniel Lacker

In this paper we study iterative procedures for stationary equilibria in games with large number of players. Most of learning algorithms for games with continuous action spaces are limited to strict contraction best reply maps in which the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-10-18 Hamidou Tembine , Raul Tempone , Pedro Vilanova

The mean-field framework has been used to find approximate solutions to problems involving very large populations of symmetric, anonymous agents, which may be intractable by other methods. The cooperative mean-field control (MFC) problem…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Patrick Benjamin , Alessandro Abate

The success of federated learning (FL) ultimately depends on how strategic participants behave under partial observability, yet most formulations still treat FL as a static optimization problem. We instead view FL deployments as governed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Dongseok Kim , Hyoungsun Choi , Mohamed Jismy Aashik Rasool , Gisung Oh

Federated learning aims to train predictive models for data that is distributed across clients, under the orchestration of a server. However, participating clients typically each hold data from a different distribution, whereby predictive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Sharut Gupta , Kartik Ahuja , Mohammad Havaei , Niladri Chatterjee , Yoshua Bengio

The goal of this paper is to study a Mean Field Game (MFG) system stemming from the harvesting of resources. Modelling the latter through a reaction-diffusion equation and the harvesters as competing rational agents, we are led to a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-06-11 Ziad Kobeissi , Idriss Mazari-Fouquer , Domènec Ruiz-Balet

In many real-world large-scale decision problems, self-interested agents have individual dynamics and optimize their own long-term payoffs. Important examples include the competitive access to shared resources (e.g., roads, energy, or…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-05 Ezzat Elokda , Saverio Bolognani , Andrea Censi , Florian Dörfler , Emilio Frazzoli

We establish a connection between federated learning, a concept from machine learning, and mean-field games, a concept from game theory and control theory. In this analogy, the local federated learners are considered as the players and the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-07-09 Arash Mehrjou

We consider a dynamic collective choice problem where a large number of players are cooperatively choosing between multiple destinations while being influenced by the behavior of the group. For example, in a robotic swarm exploring a new…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-06-17 Rabih Salhab , Jerome Le Ny , Roland P. Malhamé

We investigate multi-agent imitation learning (IL) within the framework of mean field games (MFGs), considering the presence of time-varying correlated signals. Existing MFG IL algorithms assume demonstrations are sampled from Mean Field…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Zhiyu Zhao , Qirui Mi , Ning Yang , Xue Yan , Haifeng Zhang , Jun Wang , Yaodong Yang

We introduce two Smoothed Policy Iteration algorithms (\textbf{SPI}s) as rules for learning policies and methods for computing Nash equilibria in second order potential Mean Field Games (MFGs). Global convergence is proved if the coupling…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-04-18 Qing Tang , Jiahao Song

This paper studies the mean field game (MFG) and N-player game on relative performance portfolio management with two heterogeneous populations. In addition to the Brownian idiosyncratic and common noise, the first population invests in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-20 Yuchen Li , Zongxia Liang , Xiang Yu

This paper explores the use of Maximum Causal Entropy Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) within the context of discrete-time stationary Mean-Field Games (MFGs) characterized by finite state spaces and an infinite-horizon,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-22 Berkay Anahtarci , Can Deha Kariksiz , Naci Saldi

The mean field games (MFG) paradigm was introduced to provide tractable approximations of games involving very large populations. The theory typically rests on two key assumptions: homogeneity, meaning that all players share the same…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-10 Mathieu Laurière

This paper introduces and analyses some models in the framework of Mean Field Games describing interactions between two populations motivated by the studies on urban settlements and residential choice by Thomas Schelling. For static games,…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-07-18 Yves Achdou , Martino Bardi , Marco Cirant