Related papers: Accelerator Vacuum
We developed a vacuum generation system composed of a reciprocating compressor (3 tons of refrigeration) with an inverted-function that is ready to be hooked flexibly to a gas-tight container to create an evacuated enclosed atmosphere,…
Accelerator beam commissioning is a challenging and exciting period. It is generally the first integrated operation of the many systems in an accelerator and, most importantly, of the beam. First, general preparation is discussed. Then…
An overview of beam-gas interactions in particle accelerators is presented. The paper is focused on a few examples and tries to present basic concepts with simple formulae that should allow the reader to perform order-of-magnitude estimates…
Many applications of high brightness, highly relativistic electron beams carry strict requirements on longitudinal phase space quality. To meet these requirements, accelerator systems typically utilize dispersive elements to manipulate the…
We discuss the static force characteristic of annular gaps resulting from an axial flow component. So far there is a severe lack of understanding of the flow inside the annulus. First, the state-of-the-art modelling approaches to describe…
Laser-driven acceleration holds great promise for significantly improving accelerating gradient. However, scaling the conventional process of structure-based acceleration in vacuum down to optical wavelengths requires a substantially…
The operation of high-energy and high-intensity particle accelerators inevitably leads to the loss of a fraction of beam particles, either through controlled processes or accidental events. This article builds on a first lecture on…
This article presents: 1) The theoretical background of strong field physics and vacuum structure and stability; 2) The instrumental developments in the area of pulse lasers and considers the physics case for ultra intense laser facilities;…
Didactic heuristic arguments, based on the quantum mechanics of the vacuum and the structure of spacetime, are reviewed concerning particle creation from the vacuum by an electric field, vacuum radiation in an accelerated frame, black-hole…
The vacuum is considered as some fluid emergent from the zero-point fluctuations of the quantum fields contributing to the vacuum energy density and pressure. The equation of vacuum state and the speed of vacuum sound-waves are deduced…
Wakefield accelerators are under development in many laboratories worldwide. They bring the promise of a high accelerating gradient, orders of magnitude higher than current machines. The reduction in the overall length of the accelerators…
A model of the Universe as a mixture of a scalar (inflaton or rolling tachyon from the string theory) and a matter field (classical particles) is analyzed. The particles are created at the expense of the gravitational energy through an…
In this article we review the discovery of the accelerating universe using type Ia supernovae. We then outline ways in which dark energy - component that causes the acceleration - is phenomenologically described. We finally describe…
Collimation systems are essential in particle accelerators to safely and efficiently manage unavoidable beam losses during operation. These systems rely on collimators, which are specially designed movable jaws or absorbers positioned close…
These lectures have been given to particle physicists, mostly experimentalists and very briefly and at a pedestrian level review the problems of dark matter. The content of the lectures is the following: 1. Introduction. 2. Cosmological…
Polymers and composite materials play an essential role in accelerator and detectors technology, with varying roles that range from electrical insulation and structural support to thermal management. This paper provides a general review of…
1. Connection between integration and differentiation/ Gauss theorem. Coordinate-free definitions: gradient, divergence, curl. Stokes theorem. 2. Elements of continuum mechanics/ Continuity equation. Stress tensor. Euler equation.…
Particle accelerators use a great variety of power converters for energizing their sub-systems; while the total number of power converters usually depends on the size of the accelerator or combination of accelerators (including the…
High-brightness beams generated by particle sources based on advanced accelerator concepts have the potential to become an essential part of future accelerator technology. High-gradient accelerators can generate and rapidly accelerate…
All systems are expected to be designed to fulfil their functions over their requested lifetime. Nevertheless, failure of a system may occur, and this is unfortunately, true also for vacuum systems. From a mechanical point of view,…