Related papers: Accelerator Vacuum
An inhomogeneous fluid in accelerated motion is investigated. When the velocity field $v(x)$ is not constant, the geometry viewed by a static observer is curved, as if the observer were immersed in a gravitational field. A…
The issues of quintessence and cosmic acceleration can be discussed in the framework of theories which do not include necessarily scalar fields. It is possible to define pressure and energy density for new components considering effective…
Although used in the design and costing of large projects such as linear colliders and tokamaks, the theory of vacuum arcs and gradient limits is not well understood. Almost 120 years after the isolation of vacuum arcs, the exact mechanisms…
A proof is developed from first principles, independent of general relativity and of thermodynamics, that there exists a threshold acceleration above which radiation (real particle creation) from the vacuum must occur. The radiation is not…
We work out an effective theory of accelerated expansion to describe general phenomena of inflation and acceleration (dark energy) in the Universe. Our aim is to determine from theoretical grounds, in a physically-motivated and model…
Particle accelerators have enabled forefront research in high energy physics and other research areas for more than half a century. Accelerators have directly contributed to 26 Nobel Prizes in Physics since 1939 as well as another 20 Nobel…
This paper gives a very brief summary of longitudinal beam dynamics for both linear and circular accelerators. After discussing synchronism conditions in linacs, it focuses on particle motion in synchrotrons. It summarizes the equations of…
Cosmological models with two interacting fluids, each satisfying the strong energy condition, are studied in the framework of classical General Relativity. If the interactions are phenomenologically described by a power law in the scale…
Different (not only by sign) affine connections are introduced for contravariant and covariant tensor fields over a differentiable manifold by means of a non-canonical contraction operator, defining the notion dual bases and commuting with…
Valveless pumping assists in fluid transport in various organisms and engineering systems. In a previous work, to study the actuator impact effects on valveless pumping, we constructed a piecewise-linear lumped-parameter model for a…
Transformation rules for coordinates, velocities and accelerations in accelerated reference frames are derived. A generalized approach of the special relativity is taken for a basis. A 7-dimensional space including projections of velocity…
Understanding air propagation and condensation following a catastrophic vacuum break in particle accelerator beamlines cooled by liquid helium is essential for ensuring operational safety. This review summarizes experimental and theoretical…
In this essay we propose that the theory of gravity's vacuum is described by a de Sitter geometry. Under this assumption we consider an adjustment mechanism able to screen any value of the vacuum energy of the matter fields. We discuss the…
A sudden loss of vacuum can be catastrophic for particle accelerators. In such an event, air leaks into the liquid-helium-cooled accelerator beamline tube and condenses on its inner surface, causing rapid boiling of the helium and dangerous…
If a theory has more than one classically stable vacuum, quantum tunneling and thermal jumps make the transition between the vacua possible. The transition happens through a first order phase transition started by nucleation of a bubble of…
In the field of particle accelerators the most common use of RF cavities is to increase the particle velocity of traversing particles. This feature makes them one of the core ingredients of every accelerator, and in the case of linear…
This review on dark energy is intended for a wider audience, beginners as well as experts. It contains important notes on various aspects of dark energy and its alternatives. The section on Newtonian cosmology followed by heuristic…
We present a new derivation of the expressions for momentum and energy of a relativistic particle. In contrast to the procedures commonly adopted in textbooks, the one suggested here requires only the knowledge of the composition law for…
This paper provides an overview of experiments and facilities for accelerator-based dark matter searches as part of the US Community Study on the Future of Particle Physics (Snowmass 2021). Companion white papers to this paper present the…
Particle-antiparticle pairs are predicted by quantum field theory to appear as vacuum fluctuations. The model of the vacuum used here is postulated to have the following properties: To minimize the violation of conservation energy allowed…