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In practical quantum key distribution (QKD), weak coherent states as the photon sources have a limit in secure key rate and transmission distance because of the existence of multiphoton pulses and heavy loss in transmission line. Decoy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Jing-Bo Li , Xi-Ming Fang

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is moving from research laboratories towards applications. As computing becomes more mobile, cashless as well as cardless payment solutions are introduced, and a need arises for incorporating QKD in a mobile…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-07-04 J. Wabnig , D. Bitauld , H. W. Li , A. Laing , J. L. O'Brien , A. O. Niskanen

We introduce a family of QKD protocols for distributing shared random keys within a network of $n$ users. The advantage of these protocols is that any possible key structure needed within the network, including broadcast keys shared among…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-21 Matej Pivoluska , Marcus Huber , Mehul Malik

The discrete variables (DV) time-frequency (TF) quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol is a BB84 like protocol, which utilizes time and frequency as complementary bases. As orthogonal modulations, pulse position modulation (PPM) and…

Real-world BB84 Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) systems utilize imperfect devices that introduce vulnerabilities to their security, known as side-channel attacks. Measurement-Device-Independent (MDI) QKD authorizes an untrusted third party…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-09 Kazi Reaz , Md Mehdi Hassan , Adrien Green , Noah Crum , George Siopsis

Twin-Field quantum key distribution (TF-QKD) can beat the linear bound of repeaterless QKD systems. After the proposal of the original protocol, multiple papers have extended the protocol to prove its security. However, these works are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-19 Wenyuan Wang , Hoi-Kwong Lo

Typically practical realizations of discrete-variable quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols, based on exchanging single-photon signals between the trusted parties, can provide its users with only very low key generation rates. One of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-01 Indranil Maiti , Mikołaj Lasota

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a cutting-edge field that leverages the principles of quantum mechanics to enable secure communication between parties involved. Single-photon quantum emitters offer remarkable on-demand photon emission,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-01 Paolo Barigelli , Francesco Sirovich , Gonzalo Carvacho , Fabio Sciarrino

A significant performance inhibitor of free-space continuous variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) is turbulence, which gives rise to wavefront phase and amplitude aberrations. We demonstrate that in a turbulent channel, during coherent…

The incorporation of multiplexing techniques used in Microwave Photonics to Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) systems bring important advantages enabling the simultaneous and parallel delivery of multiple keys between a central station and…

Here, we present a proof-of-principle high-dimensional quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol utilizing the position and momentum entanglement of photon pairs. The protocol exploits the fact that position and momentum form mutually…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Lukas Scarfe , Yingwen Zhang , Ebrahim Karimi

We develop a method to connect the infinite-dimensional description of optical continuous-variable quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols to a finite-dimensional formulation. The secure key rates of the optical QKD protocols can then be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-26 Twesh Upadhyaya , Thomas van Himbeeck , Jie Lin , Norbert Lütkenhaus

The reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution (RFI QKD) protocol enables QKD systems to function effectively despite slowly varying reference frames, offering a distinct advantage in practical scenarios, particularly in mobile…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-02 Xin Liu , Di Luo , Zhicheng Luo , Shizhuo Li , Zhenrong Zhang , Kejin Wei

This chapter describes the application of lasers, specifically diode lasers, in the area of quantum key distribution (QKD). First, we motivate the distribution of cryptographic keys based on quantum physical properties of light, give a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-22 Philip Chan , Itzel Lucio-Martínez , Xiaofan Mo , Wolfgang Tittel

High-speed free-space quantum key distribution located in urban environment offers an interesting alternative to public key encryption - whose security strength is yet to be mathematically proven. To achieve this, three main objectives need…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is one of the most practical applications in quantum information processing, which can generate information-theoretical secure keys between remote parties. With the help of the wavelength-division multiplexing…

We present a discretely modulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution system in free space by using strong coherent states. The amplitude noise in the laser source is suppressed to the shot-noise limit by using a mode cleaner…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-18 Yong Shen , Hongxin Zou , Liang Tian , Pingxing Chen , Jianmin Yuan

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is an innovative technology which exploits the laws of quantum mechanics to generate and distribute unconditionally secure cryptographic keys. While QKD offers the promise of unconditionally secure key…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-09-11 Ryan D. L. Engle , Douglas D. Hodson , Michael R. Grimaila , Logan O. Mailloux , Colin V. McLaughlin , Gerald Baumgartner

We use single homodyne detector to accomplish Continuous-Variable quantum key distribution(CV QKD) in a laboratory and urban environment free-space channel. This is based on Gaussian modulation with coherent-states in the polarization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-24 Shi-Yang Shen , Ming-Wei Dai , Xue-Tao Zheng , Qi-Yao Sun , Bing Zhu , Guang-Can Guo , Zheng-Fu Han
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