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An efficiency-loophole-free quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme is proposed, which involves no hardware change but a modification in the data post-processing step. The scheme applies to a generic class of detection systems which allow…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-12-24 Xiongfeng Ma , Tobias Moroder , Norbert Lütkenhaus

On the pathway to quantum key distribution on a global scale, will be the realization of metropolitan-sized Memory Assisted Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution (MA-MDI-QKD) systems. Here, we present a simplistic and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-22 Fares Nada , Amber Hussain , Tasmi R. Ahmed , Connor Kupchak

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two distant parties to share secret keys with the proven security even in the presence of an eavesdropper with unbounded computational power. Recently, GHz-clock decoy QKD systems have been realized by…

Mode-pairing quantum key distribution (MP-QKD) offers significant potential for long-distance secure communication, benefiting from its quadratic scaling capacity and phase compensation-free characteristic. However, MP-QKD still requires…

Scattering of light by cloud, haze, and fog decreases the transmission efficiency of communication channels in quantum key distribution (QKD), reduces the system's practical security, and thus constrains the deployment of free-space QKD.…

In free-space quantum key distribution (QKD) between moving parties, e.g., free-space QKD via satellite, the reference frame rotation and fluctuation degrades the performance of QKD. Reference-frame-independent QKD (RFI-QKD) provides a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-27 Juhwan Yoon , Tanumoy Pramanik , Byung Kwon Park , Sang-Wook Han , Sangin Kim , Yong-Su Kim , Sung Moon

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables unconditionally secure communication guaranteed by the laws of physics. The last decades have seen tremendous efforts in making this technology feasible under real-life conditions, with implementations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-14 Sebastian Philipp Neumann , Domenico Ribezzo , Martin Bohmann , Rupert Ursin

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is considered the most immediate application to be widely implemented amongst a variety of potential quantum technologies. QKD enables sharing secret keys between distant users, using photons as information…

The advent of quantum computers has significantly challenged the security of traditional cryptographic systems, prompting a surge in research on quantum key distribution (QKD). Among various QKD approaches, continuous-variable QKD (CVQKD)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-26 Xiaojuan Liao , Yuehan Xu , Qijun Zhang , Peng Huang , Tao Wang , Kaizhi Wang , Guihua Zeng

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two remote users to establish a secret key in the presence of an eavesdropper. The users share quantum states prepared in two mutually-unbiased bases: one to generate the key while the other monitors…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-03 Nurul T. Islam , Charles Ci Wen Lim , Clinton Cahall , Jungsang Kim , Daniel J. Gauthier

Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides a method of ensuring security using the laws of physics, avoiding the risks inherent in cryptosystems protected by computational complexity. Here we investigate the feasibility of satellite-based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-03 Peide Zhang , Jaya Sagar , Elliott Hastings , Milan Stefko , Siddarth Joshi , John Rarity

Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers a reliable solution to communication problems that require long-term data security. For its widespread use, however, the rate and reach of QKD systems must be improved. Twin-field (TF) QKD is a step…

The secure transfer of information is an important problem in modern telecommunications. Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides a solution to this problem by using individual quantum systems to generate correlated bits between remote…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-08-02 S. Etcheverry , G. Cañas , E. S. Gómez , W. A. T. Nogueira , C. Saavedra , G. B. Xavier , G. Lima

This paper proposes a multi-mode Gaussian modulated continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) scheme able to operate at high bandwidth despite using conventional noisy, coherent detectors. We demonstrate enhancement in shotnoise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-24 Rupesh Kumar , Xinke Tang , Adrian Wonfor , Richard Penty , Ian White

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV QKD) with discrete modulation has attracted increasing attention due to its experimental simplicity, lower-cost implementation and compatibility with classical optical communication.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-27 Zhi-Ping Liu , Min-Gang Zhou , Wen-Bo Liu , Chen-Long Li , Jie Gu , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) is a technique for quantum-secured communication that eliminates all detector side-channels, although is currently limited by implementation complexity and low secure key…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) guarantees the secure communication between legitimate parties with quantum mechanics. High-dimensional QKD (HDQKD) not only increases the secret key rate but also tolerates higher quantum bit error rate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-06 Fang-Xiang Wang , Wei Chen , Zhen-Qiang Yin , Shuang Wang , Guang-Can Guo , Zheng-Fu Han

Quantum key distribution (QKD offers a long-term solution to establish information-theoretically secure keys between two distant users. In practice, with a careful characterization of quantum sources and the decoy-state method,…

There is considerable interest in finding conditions under which the quantum key distribution (QKD) propagation distances over fiber and secure key rate (SKR) are maximized for a given acceptable quantum bit error rate. One way to increase…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-23 Michal Mlejnek , Nikolay A. Kaliteevskiy , Daniel A. Nolan

Quantum cryptography and quantum key distribution (QKD) have been the most successful applications of quantum information processing, highlighting the unique capability of quantum mechanics, through the no-cloning theorem, to protect the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-06-18 David S. Simon , Nate Lawrence , Jacob Trevino , Luca Dal Negro , Alexander V. Sergienko