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Spin-based memories are attractive for their non-volatility and high durability but provide modest resistance changes, whereas semiconductor logic transistors are capable of large resistance changes, but lack memory function with high…

Spin-orbit torques (SOTs) have emerged as an efficient means to electrically control the magnetization in ferromagnetic heterostructures. Lately, an increasing attention has been devoted to SOTs in heavy metal (HM)/magnetic insulator (MI)…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-05-09 Martín Testa-Anta , Charles-Henri Lambert , Can Onur Avci

We investigate spin-orbit torques on magnetization in an insulating ferromagnetic (FM) layer that is brought into a close proximity to a topological insulator (TI). In addition to the well-known field-like spin-orbit torque, we identify an…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-07-03 R. J. Sokolewicz , I. A. Ado , M. I. Katsnelson , P. M. Ostrovsky , M. Titov

The spin Hall effect (SHE) is found to be strong in heavy transition metals (HM), such as Ta and W, in their amorphous and/or high resistivity form. In this work, we show that by employing a Cu-Ta binary alloy as buffer layer in an…

Materials Science · Physics 2017-09-28 Tian-Yue Chen , Chun-Te Wu , Hung-Wei Yen , Chi-Feng Pai

Current-induced spin-orbit torque (SOT) plays a crucial role in the next-generation spin-orbitronics. Enhancing its efficiency is both fundamentally and practically interesting and remains a challenge to date. Recently, orbital counterparts…

Spin-orbit coupling in inversion-asymmetric magnetic crystals and structures has emerged as a powerful tool to generate complex magnetic textures, interconvert charge and spin under applied current, and control magnetization dynamics.…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-10-02 A. Manchon , J. Zelezný , I. M. Miron , T. Jungwirth , J. Sinova , A. Thiaville , K. Garello , P. Gambardella

Recent studies on the magneto-transport properties of topological insulators (TI) have attracted great attention due to the rich spin-orbit physics and promising applications in spintronic devices. Particularly the strongly spin-moment…

Materials Science · Physics 2017-08-23 Jiahao Han , A. Richardella , Saima Siddiqui , Joseph Finley , N. Samarth , Luqiao Liu

Spin-orbit torque facilitates efficient magnetization switching via an in-plane current in perpendicularly magnetized heavy metal/ferromagnet heterostructures. The efficiency of spin-orbit-torque-induced switching is determined by the…

Current-induced spin-orbit torque (SOT) has emerged as a promising method for achieving energy-efficient magnetization switching in advanced spintronic devices. However, technological advancement has been inadequate because an external…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-01-23 Badsha Sekh , Hasibur Rahaman , Ramu Maddu , Pinkesh Kumar Mishra , Tianli Jin , S. N. Piramanayagam

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) presents a promising avenue for energy-efficient spintronics devices, surpassing the limitations of spin transfer torque. While extensively studied in heavy metals, SOT in antiferromagnetic quantum materials remains…

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) is an emerging technology that enables the efficient manipulation of spintronic devices. The initial processes of interest in SOTs involved electric fields, spin-orbit coupling, conduction electron spins and…

Recent discovery of spin-orbit torques (SOTs) within magnetic single-layers has attracted attention in the field of spintronics. However, it has remained elusive as to how to understand and how to tune the SOTs. Here, utilizing the single…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-06-28 Lijun Zhu , Daniel C. Ralph , Robert A. Buhrman

In order to enhance the magnitude of spin-orbit torque (SOT), considerable experimental works have been devoted to studying the thickness dependence of the different layers in multilayers consisting of heavy metal (HM), ferromagnet (FM) and…

Applied Physics · Physics 2018-05-09 Chi Sun , Zhuo Bin Siu , Seng Ghee Tan , Hyunsoo Yang , Mansoor B. A. Jalil

We present an {\it ab initio}-based theoretical framework which elucidates the origin of the spin-orbit torque (SOT) in Normal-Metal(NM)/Ferromagnet(FM) heterostructures. The SOT is decomposed into two contributions, namely, {\it spin-Hall}…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-02-26 Farzad Mahfouzi , Rahul Mishra , Po-Hao Chang , Hyunsoo Yang , Nicholas Kioussis

In the increasing interests on spin-orbit torque (SOT) with various magnetic materials, we investigated SOT in rare earth-transition metal ferrimagnetic alloys. The harmonic Hall measurements were performed in Pt/GdFeCo bilayers to quantify…

Spin backflow and spin-memory loss have been well established to considerably lower the interfacial spin transmissivity of metallic magnetic interfaces and thus the energy efficiency of spin-orbit torque technologies. Here we report that…

Applied Physics · Physics 2021-03-15 Lijun Zhu , Lujun Zhu , Robert Buhrman

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in spin-orbit torques (SOTs) for manipulating the magnetization in nonvolatile magnetic memory devices. SOTs rely on the spin-orbit coupling of a nonmagnetic material coupled to a…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-11-19 Jan Hidding , Marcos H. D. Guimarães

Future applications of spin-orbit torque will require new mechanisms to improve the efficiency for switching nanoscale magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), while also controlling the magnetic dynamics to achieve fast, nanosecond scale…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-02-07 Shengjie Shi , Yongxi Ou , S. V. Aradhya , D. C. Ralph , R. A. Buhrman

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) enables efficient electrical control of magnetization, offering a pathway towards low-power spintronic devices. Magnetic topological insulators (TIs), with spin-momentum-locked surface states and intrinsic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Ling-Jie Zhou , Deyi Zhuo , Han Tay , Zi-Jie Yan , Pu Xiao , Xiaoda Liu , Bomin Zhang , Cui-Zu Chang

The spin-orbit torque, a torque induced by a charge current flowing through the heavy-metal conducting layer with strong spin-orbit interactions, provides an efficient way to control the magnetization direction in heavy-metal/ferromagnet…

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