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The latency bottleneck of traditional text-to-speech (TTS) systems fundamentally hinders the potential of streaming large language models (LLMs) in conversational AI. These TTS systems, typically trained and inferenced on complete…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Richard He Bai , Zijin Gu , Tatiana Likhomanenko , Navdeep Jaitly

Simultaneous speech-to-text translation is widely useful in many scenarios. The conventional cascaded approach uses a pipeline of streaming ASR followed by simultaneous MT, but suffers from error propagation and extra latency. To alleviate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Junkun Chen , Mingbo Ma , Renjie Zheng , Liang Huang

Simultaneous machine translation aims at solving the task of real-time translation by starting to translate before consuming the full input, which poses challenges in terms of balancing quality and latency of the translation. The wait-$k$…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Abderrahmane Issam , Yusuf Can Semerci , Jan Scholtes , Gerasimos Spanakis

Simultaneous machine translation (SimulMT) presents a challenging trade-off between translation quality and latency. Recent studies have shown that LLMs can achieve good performance in SimulMT tasks. However, this often comes at the expense…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Minghan Wang , Thuy-Trang Vu , Yuxia Wang , Ehsan Shareghi , Gholamreza Haffari

Simultaneous machine translation (SMT) takes streaming input utterances and incrementally produces target text. Existing SMT methods mainly use the partial utterance that has already arrived at the input and the generated hypothesis.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Siqi Ouyang , Oleksii Hrinchuk , Zhehuai Chen , Vitaly Lavrukhin , Jagadeesh Balam , Lei Li , Boris Ginsburg

In the cascaded approach to spoken language translation (SLT), the ASR output is typically punctuated and segmented into sentences before being passed to MT, since the latter is typically trained on written text. However, erroneous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Sukanta Sen , Ondřej Bojar , Barry Haddow

Context retrieval systems for LLM inference face a critical challenge: high retrieval latency creates a fundamental tension between waiting for complete context (poor time-to-first-token) and proceeding without it (reduced quality).…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Rajveer Bachkaniwala , Chengqi Luo , Richard So , Divya Mahajan , Kexin Rong

Using end-to-end models for speech translation (ST) has increasingly been the focus of the ST community. These models condense the previously cascaded systems by directly converting sound waves into translated text. However, cascaded models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-25 Orion Weller , Matthias Sperber , Christian Gollan , Joris Kluivers

Simultaneous speech translation (SST) takes streaming speech input and generates text translation on the fly. Existing methods either have high latency due to recomputation of input representations, or fall behind of offline ST in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Siqi Ouyang , Xi Xu , Chinmay Dandekar , Lei Li

Whisper is one of the recent state-of-the-art multilingual speech recognition and translation models, however, it is not designed for real time transcription. In this paper, we build on top of Whisper and create Whisper-Streaming, an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Dominik Macháček , Raj Dabre , Ondřej Bojar

The increasing complexity of Industry 4.0 systems brings new challenges regarding predictive maintenance tasks such as fault detection and diagnosis. A corresponding and realistic setting includes multi-source data streams from different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Victor Pellegrain , Myriam Tami , Michel Batteux , Céline Hudelot

With the rapid development of deep learning technologies, the field of machine translation has witnessed significant progress, especially with the advent of large language models (LLMs) that have greatly propelled the advancement of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Jiaxin GUO , Xiaoyu Chen , Zhiqiang Rao , Jinlong Yang , Zongyao Li , Hengchao Shang , Daimeng Wei , Hao Yang

This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the latency characteristics observed in simultaneous speech-to-speech model's performance, particularly focusing on hallucination-induced latency spikes. By systematically experimenting with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Vincent Wilmet , Johnson Du

In simultaneous translation (SimulMT), the most widely used strategy is the wait-k policy thanks to its simplicity and effectiveness in balancing translation quality and latency. However, wait-k suffers from two major limitations: (a) it is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Guangxu Xun , Mingbo Ma , Yuchen Bian , Xingyu Cai , Jiaji Huang , Renjie Zheng , Junkun Chen , Jiahong Yuan , Kenneth Church , Liang Huang

Cascaded speech-to-speech translation systems often suffer from the error accumulation problem and high latency, which is a result of cascaded modules whose inference delays accumulate. In this paper, we propose a transducer-based speech…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-07 Jinzheng Zhao , Niko Moritz , Egor Lakomkin , Ruiming Xie , Zhiping Xiu , Katerina Zmolikova , Zeeshan Ahmed , Yashesh Gaur , Duc Le , Christian Fuegen

In simultaneous speech translation (SimulST), finding the best trade-off between high translation quality and low latency is a challenging task. To meet the latency constraints posed by the different application scenarios, multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Sara Papi , Marco Gaido , Matteo Negri , Marco Turchi

Transformer architectures are increasingly effective at processing and generating very long chunks of texts, opening new perspectives for document-level machine translation (MT). In this work, we challenge the ability of MT systems to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Ziqian Peng , Rachel Bawden , François Yvon

In Machine Translation, Large Language Models (LLMs) have generally underperformed compared to conventional encoder-decoder systems and thus see limited adoption. However, LLMs excel at modeling contextual information, making them a natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Ireh Kim , Tesia Sker , Chanwoo Kim

Consistency is a key requirement of high-quality translation. It is especially important to adhere to pre-approved terminology and adapt to corrected translations in domain-specific projects. Machine translation (MT) has achieved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Yasmin Moslem , Rejwanul Haque , John D. Kelleher , Andy Way

Simultaneous speech translation (SimulST) is a demanding task that involves generating translations in real-time while continuously processing speech input. This paper offers a comprehensive overview of the recent developments in SimulST…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Xiaoqian Liu , Guoqiang Hu , Yangfan Du , Erfeng He , Yingfeng Luo , Chen Xu , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu