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We introduce the competitive assignment problem, a two-player version of the well-known assignment problem. Given a set of tasks and a set of agents with different efficiencies for different tasks, Alice and Bob take turns picking agents…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Florian Galliot , Nacim Oijid , Jonas Sénizergues

Many recent successful off-policy multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms for cooperative partially observable environments focus on finding factorized value functions, leading to convoluted network structures. Building on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Raphaël Avalos , Mathieu Reymond , Ann Nowé , Diederik M. Roijers

Injecting human knowledge is an effective way to accelerate reinforcement learning (RL). However, these methods are underexplored. This paper presents our discovery that an abstract forward model (thought-game (TG)) combined with transfer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Ruo-Ze Liu , Haifeng Guo , Xiaozhong Ji , Yang Yu , Zhen-Jia Pang , Zitai Xiao , Yuzhou Wu , Tong Lu

This paper investigates the strategy game So Long Sucker (SLS) as a novel benchmark for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). Unlike traditional board or video game testbeds, SLS is distinguished by its coalition formation, strategic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Medant Sharan , Chandranath Adak

Many artificial intelligence (AI) applications often require multiple intelligent agents to work in a collaborative effort. Efficient learning for intra-agent communication and coordination is an indispensable step towards general AI. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-09-15 Peng Peng , Ying Wen , Yaodong Yang , Quan Yuan , Zhenkun Tang , Haitao Long , Jun Wang

The next challenge of game AI lies in Real Time Strategy (RTS) games. RTS games provide partially observable gaming environments, where agents interact with one another in an action space much larger than that of GO. Mastering RTS games…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2018-12-20 Bin Wu , Qiang Fu , Jing Liang , Peng Qu , Xiaoqian Li , Liang Wang , Wei Liu , Wei Yang , Yongsheng Liu

Multi-agent deep reinforcement learning makes optimal decisions dependent on system states observed by agents, but any uncertainty on the observations may mislead agents to take wrong actions. The Mean-Field Actor-Critic reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Ziyuan Zhou , Guanjun Liu

The exploitation of extra state information has been an active research area in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). QMIX represents the joint action-value using a non-negative function approximator and achieves the best performance,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-21 Jianyu Su , Stephen Adams , Peter A. Beling

Language Model (LM)-based agents remain largely untested in mixed-motive settings where agents must leverage short-term cooperation for long-term competitive goals (e.g., multi-party politics). We introduce Cooperate to Compete (C2C), a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Abigail O'Neill , Alan Zhu , Mihran Miroyan , Narges Norouzi , Joseph E. Gonzalez

Board games, with the exception of solo games, need at least one other player to play. Because of this, we created Artificial Intelligent (AI) agents to play against us when an opponent is missing. These AI agents are created in a number of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Peter Jamieson , Indrima Upadhyay

Modern supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems comprise variety of industrial equipment such as physical control processes, logical control systems, communication networks, computers, and communication protocols. They are…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-09-29 Hosny Abbas , Samir Shaheen , Mohammed Amin

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has received increasing attention for its applications in various domains. Researchers have paid much attention on its partially observable and cooperative settings for meeting real-world…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Meng Yao , Qiyue Yin , Jun Yang , Tongtong Yu , Shengqi Shen , Junge Zhang , Bin Liang , Kaiqi Huang

We train an agent to compete in the game of Gardner minichess, a downsized variation of chess played on a 5x5 board. We motivated and applied a SOTA actor-critic method Proximal Policy Optimization with Generalized Advantage Estimation. Our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Michael Sun , Robert Tan

Geometry optimization of atomic structures is a common and crucial task in computational chemistry and materials design. Following the learning to optimize paradigm, we propose a new multi-agent reinforcement learning method called…

Due to their complex nonlinear dynamics and batch-to-batch variability, batch processes pose a challenge for process control. Due to the absence of accurate models and resulting plant-model mismatch, these problems become harder to address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Tanuja Joshi , Hariprasad Kodamana , Harikumar Kandath , Niket Kaisare

This paper considers offline multi-agent reinforcement learning. We propose the strategy-wise concentration principle which directly builds a confidence interval for the joint strategy, in contrast to the point-wise concentration principle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Qiwen Cui , Simon S. Du

Although Reinforcement Learning (RL) is effective for sequential decision-making problems under uncertainty, it still fails to thrive in real-world systems where risk or safety is a binding constraint. In this paper, we formulate the RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Yannis Flet-Berliac , Debabrota Basu

In this paper, we propose ELF, an Extensive, Lightweight and Flexible platform for fundamental reinforcement learning research. Using ELF, we implement a highly customizable real-time strategy (RTS) engine with three game environments…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-11-13 Yuandong Tian , Qucheng Gong , Wenling Shang , Yuxin Wu , C. Lawrence Zitnick

While deep reinforcement learning techniques have led to agents that are successfully able to learn to perform a number of tasks that had been previously unlearnable, these techniques are still susceptible to the longstanding problem of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Nicholas Waytowich , Sean L. Barton , Vernon Lawhern , Garrett Warnell

We consider the problem of how to design large decentralized multi-agent systems (MAS's) in an automated fashion, with little or no hand-tuning. Our approach has each agent run a reinforcement learning algorithm. This converts the problem…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2007-05-23 David H. Wolpert , Kevin R. Wheeler , Kagan Tumer