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This paper presents an adaptive level generation algorithm for the physics-based puzzle game Angry Birds. The proposed algorithm is based on a pre-existing level generator for this game, but where the difficulty of the generated levels can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-02-08 Matthew Stephenson , Jochen Renz

This paper presents a procedural generation method that creates visually attractive levels for the Angry Birds game. Besides being an immensely popular mobile game, Angry Birds has recently become a test bed for various artificial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-04-28 YuXuan Jiang , Misaki Kaidan , Chun Yin Chu , Tomohiro Harada , Ruck Thawonmas

The Angry Birds AI competition has been held over many years to encourage the development of AI agents that can play Angry Birds game levels better than human players. Many different agents with various approaches have been employed over…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Chathura Gamage , Matthew Stephenson , Vimukthini Pinto , Jochen Renz

Existing methods of level generation using latent variable models such as VAEs and GANs do so in segments and produce the final level by stitching these separately generated segments together. In this paper, we build on these methods by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-20 Anurag Sarkar , Seth Cooper

Procedural Content Generation (PCG) techniques enable automatic creation of diverse and complex environments. While PCG facilitates more efficient content creation, ensuring consistently high-quality, industry-standard content remains a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Mahdi Farrokhimaleki , Parsa Rahmati , Richard Zhao

This paper investigates the suitability of using Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to generate stable structures for the physics-based puzzle game Angry Birds. While previous applications of GANs for level generation have been mostly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Frederic Abraham , Matthew Stephenson

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are a machine learning approach capable of generating novel example outputs across a space of provided training examples. Procedural Content Generation (PCG) of levels for video games could benefit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-03 Vanessa Volz , Jacob Schrum , Jialin Liu , Simon M. Lucas , Adam Smith , Sebastian Risi

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are an emerging form of indirect encoding. The GAN is trained to induce a latent space on training data, and a real-valued evolutionary algorithm can search that latent space. Such Latent Variable…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Jacob Schrum , Jake Gutierrez , Vanessa Volz , Jialin Liu , Simon Lucas , Sebastian Risi

Expressive range analysis is a visualization-based technique used to evaluate the performance of generative models, particularly in game level generation. It typically employs two quantifiable metrics to position generated artifacts on a 2D…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Mahsa Bazzaz , Seth Cooper

The procedural generation of levels and content in video games is a challenging AI problem. Often such generation relies on an intelligent way of evaluating the content being generated so that constraints are satisfied and/or objectives…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-04-22 Ahmed Khalifa , Michael Cerny Green , Gabriella Barros , Julian Togelius

Prior research has shown variational autoencoders (VAEs) to be useful for generating and blending game levels by learning latent representations of existing level data. We build on such models by exploring the level design affordances and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Anurag Sarkar , Zhihan Yang , Seth Cooper

Search-based procedural content generation (PCG) is a well-known method for level generation in games. Its key advantage is that it is generic and able to satisfy functional constraints. However, due to the heavy computational costs to run…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Ahmed Khalifa , Michael Cerny Green , Julian Togelius

Previous work explored blending levels from existing games to create levels for a new game that mixes properties of the original games. In this paper, we use Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) for improving upon such techniques. VAEs are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-28 Anurag Sarkar , Zhihan Yang , Seth Cooper

We address the problem of game level repair, which consists of taking a designed but non-functional game level and making it functional. This might consist of ensuring the completeness of the level, reachability of objects, or other…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Debosmita Bhaumik , Julian Togelius , Georgios N. Yannakakis , Ahmed Khalifa

In recent years, Procedural Level Generation via Machine Learning (PLGML) techniques have been applied to generate game levels with machine learning. These approaches rely on human-annotated representations of game levels. Creating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Mrunal Jadhav , Matthew Guzdial

This demo paper presents the first system for playing the popular Angry Birds game using a domain-independent planner. Our system models Angry Birds levels using PDDL+, a planning language for mixed discrete/continuous domains. It uses a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Wiktor Piotrowski , Roni Stern , Matthew Klenk , Alexandre Perez , Shiwali Mohan , Johan de Kleer , Jacob Le

Procedural Level Generation via Machine Learning (PLGML), the study of generating game levels with machine learning, has received a large amount of recent academic attention. For certain measures these approaches have shown success at…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-26 Matthew Guzdial , Nicholas Liao , Mark Riedl

We propose a novel simulation model that is able to predict the per-level churn and pass rates of Angry Birds Dream Blast, a popular mobile free-to-play game. Our primary contribution is to combine AI gameplay using Deep Reinforcement…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Shaghayegh Roohi , Asko Relas , Jari Takatalo , Henri Heiskanen , Perttu Hämäläinen

We present practical approaches of using deep learning to create and enhance level maps and textures for video games -- desktop, mobile, and web. We aim to present new possibilities for game developers and level artists. The task of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-16 Piotr Migdał , Bartłomiej Olechno , Błażej Podgórski

An ensemble inference mechanism is proposed on the Angry Birds domain. It is based on an efficient tree structure for encoding and representing game screenshots, where it exploits its enhanced modeling capability. This has the advantage to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-08-26 Nikolaos Tziortziotis , Georgios Papagiannis , Konstantinos Blekas
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