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Combinatorial Game Theory has also been called `additive game theory', whenever the analysis involves sums of independent game components. Such {\em disjunctive sums} invoke comparison between games, which allows abstract values to be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-01-29 Urban Larsson , Richard J. Nowakowski , Carlos P. Santos

Bootstrap percolation is a type of cellular automaton which has been used to model various physical phenomena, such as ferromagnetism. For each natural number $r$, the $r$-neighbour bootstrap process is an update rule for vertices of a…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-04-09 Béla Bollobás , Karen Gunderson , Cecilia Holmgren , Svante Janson , Michał Przykucki

A combinatorial game is a two-player game without hidden information or chance elements. The main object of combinatorial game theory is to obtain the outcome, which player has a winning strategy, of a given combinatorial game. Positions of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-27 Kengo Hashimoto

We study the following combinatorial game played by two players, Alice and Bob, which generalizes the Pizza game considered by Brown, Winkler and others. Given a connected graph G with nonnegative weights assigned to its vertices, the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-08-07 Josef Cibulka , Jan Kynčl , Viola Mészáros , Rudolf Stolař , Pavel Valtr

The reversible pebble game is a combinatorial game played on rooted DAGs. This game was introduced by Bennett (1989) motivated by applications in designing space efficient reversible algorithms. Recently, Chan (2013) showed that the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-04-20 Balagopal Komarath , Jayalal Sarma , Saurabh Sawlani

A matching game is a cooperative profit game defined on an edge-weighted graph, where the players are the vertices and the profit of a coalition is the maximum weight of matchings in the subgraph induced by the coalition. A population…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Han Xiao , Qizhi Fang

We present tropical games, a generalization of combinatorial min-max games based on tropical algebras. Our model breaks the traditional symmetry of rational zero-sum games where players have exactly opposed goals (min vs. max), is more…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-03-17 Jean-Vincent Loddo , Luca Saiu

In this note we discuss a theory of combinatorial games that involve transmitting the moves through a noisy channel that can introduce errors during the transmission. Players are aware of this interference and incorporate this variable into…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-12-15 Nicolas Capitelli , Melina Privitelli

We consider conditioned Galton-Watson trees and show asymptotic normality of additive functionals that are defined by toll functions that are not too large. This includes, as a special case, asymptotic normality of the number of fringe…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-12-05 Svante Janson

Regular games form a well-established class of games for analysis and synthesis of reactive systems. They include coloured Muller games, McNaughton games, Muller games, Rabin games, and Streett games. These games are played on directed…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Zihui Liang , Bakh Khoussainov , Mingyu Xiao

Duality games are a way of looking at wave-particle duality. In these games. Alice and Bob together are playing against the House. The House specifies, at random, which of two sub-games Alice and Bob will play. One game, Ways, requires that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-08 Mark Hillery

Let $\mathcal{T}$ be a Galton-Watson tree with a given offspring distribution $\xi$, where $\xi$ is a $Z_{\geq 0}$-valued random variable with $E[\xi] = 1$ and $0 < \sigma^{2}:=Var[\xi] < \infty$. For $n \geq 1$, let $T_{n}$ be the tree…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-22 Luc Devroye , Austin Eide , Pawel Pralat

We introduce multi-type Markov Branching trees, which are simple random population tree models where individuals are characterized by their size and type and give rise to (size,type)-children in a Galton-Watson fashion, with the rule that…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-12-17 Bénédicte Haas , Robin Stephenson

Consider the following two-player game on the edges of $K_n$, the complete graph with $n$ vertices: Starting with an empty graph $G$ on the vertex set of $K_n$, in each round the first player chooses $b \in \mathbb{N}$ edges from $K_n$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-07 Rajko Nenadov

As a model of trapping by biased motion in random structure, we study the time taken for a biased random walk to return to the root of a subcritical Galton-Watson tree. We do so for trees in which these biases are randomly chosen,…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-01-24 Gerard Ben Arous , Alan Hammond

Generalized Geography is a combinatorial game played on a directed graph. Players take turns moving a token from vertex to vertex, deleting a vertex after moving the token away from it. A player unable to move loses. It is well known that…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Nathan Fox , Carson Geissler

We consider Galton-Watson trees with Geom$(p)$ offspring distribution. We let $T_{\infty}(p)$ denote such a tree conditioned on being infinite. We prove that for any $1/2\leq p_1 <p_2 \leq 1$, there exists a coupling between…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-02-27 Erik I. Broman

A branching process in random environment $(Z_n, n \in \N)$ is a generalization of Galton Watson processes where at each generation the reproduction law is picked randomly. In this paper we give several results which belong to the class of…

Probability · Mathematics 2008-12-15 Vincent Bansaye , Julien Berestycki

We study the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) on trees where particles are generated at the root. Particles can only jump away from the root, and they jump from $x$ to $y$ at rate $r_{x,y}$ provided $y$ is empty. Starting…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-10-01 Nina Gantert , Nicos Georgiou , Dominik Schmid

We give operational meaning to wave-particle duality in terms of discrimination games. Duality arises as a constraint on the probability of winning these games. The games are played with the aid of an n-port interferometer, and involve 3…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-07 Emilio Bagan , John Calsamiglia , Janos A. Bergou , Mark Hillery