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We add the assumption that players know their opponents' payoff functions and rationality to a model of non-equilibrium learning in signaling games. Agents are born into player roles and play against random opponents every period.…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2020-01-16 Drew Fudenberg , Kevin He

Most work in game theory assumes that players are perfect reasoners and have common knowledge of all significant aspects of the game. In earlier work, we proposed a framework for representing and analyzing games with possibly unaware…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-17 Leandro C. Rego , Joseph Y. Halpern

We study learning in complete-information games, allowing the players' models of their environment to be misspecified. We introduce Berk--Nash rationalizability: the largest self-justified set of actions -- meaning each action in the set is…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-10-28 Ignacio Esponda , Demian Pouzo

Agents rarely act in isolation -- their behavioral history, in particular, is public to others. We seek a non-asymptotic understanding of how a leader agent should shape this history to its maximal advantage, knowing that follower agent(s)…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-05-29 Vidya Muthukumar , Anant Sahai

We introduce a new paradigm for game theory -- Bayesian satisfaction. This novel approach is a synthesis of the idea of Bayesian rationality introduced by Aumann, and satisfaction games. The concept of Bayesian rationality for which, in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Langford White , Oskar Rynkiewicz , Duong Nguyen , Hung Nguyen

Game theory provides an effective way to model strategic interactions among rational agents. In the context of formal verification, these ideas can be used to produce guarantees on the correctness of multi-agent systems, with a diverse…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Marta Kwiatkowska , Gethin Norman , David Parker , Gabriel Santos

We provide an epistemic analysis of arbitrary strategic games based on possibility correspondences. We first establish a generic result that links true common beliefs (and, respectively, common knowledge) of players' rationality defined by…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2008-11-07 Krzysztof R. Apt , Jonathan A. Zvesper

Standard models of bounded rationality typically assume agents either possess accurate knowledge of the population's reasoning abilities (Cognitive Hierarchy) or hold dogmatic, degenerate beliefs (Level-$k$). We introduce the ``Connected…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Raman Ebrahimi , Sepehr Ilami , Babak Heydari , Isabel Trevino , Massimo Franceschetti

In repeated interactions between individuals, we do not expect that exactly the same situation will occur from one time to another. Contrary to what is common in models of repeated games in the literature, most real situations may differ a…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2007-05-23 Anders Eriksson , Kristian Lindgren

Decision-making under uncertainty and causal thinking are fundamental aspects of intelligent reasoning. Decision-making has been well studied when the available information is considered at the associative (probabilistic) level. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Mauricio Gonzalez Soto , David Danks , Hugo J. Escalante Balderas , L. Enrique Sucar

Modeling the purposeful behavior of imperfect agents from a small number of observations is a challenging task. When restricted to the single-agent decision-theoretic setting, inverse optimal control techniques assume that observed behavior…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Kevin Waugh , Brian D. Ziebart , J. Andrew Bagnell

In games with incomplete and ambiguous information, rational behavior depends not only on fundamental ambiguity (ambiguity about states) but also on strategic ambiguity (ambiguity about others' actions), which further induces hierarchies of…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-11-22 Takashi Ui

In recent years, deep off-policy actor-critic algorithms have become a dominant approach to reinforcement learning for continuous control. One of the primary drivers of this improved performance is the use of pessimistic value updates to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-07 Ted Moskovitz , Jack Parker-Holder , Aldo Pacchiano , Michael Arbel , Michael I. Jordan

In this work, we argue that ignorance can be inherently understood as a hyperintensional notion. When faced with two logically or necessarily equivalent propositions, an agent may be ignorant of one while not of the other. To capture…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-03-11 Ekaterina Kubyshkina , Mattia Petrolo

In this study into the player's emotional theory of mind of gameplaying agents, we investigate how an agent's behaviour and the player's own performance and emotions shape the recognition of a frustrated behaviour. We focus on the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-01-24 David Melhart , Georgios N. Yannakakis , Antonios Liapis

We study a continuous-time stochastic Stackelberg game in which a leader seeks to accomplish a primary objective while inferring a hidden parameter of a rational follower. The follower solves an entropy-regularized tracking problem and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-08 Ruimeng Hu , Daniel Ralston , Xu Yang , Haosheng Zhou

This paper studies multi-user communication systems with two groups of users: leaders which possess system information, and followers which have no system information using the formulation of Stackelberg games. In such games, the leaders…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-08-26 saeedeh parsaeefard , Mihaela van der Schaar , Ahmad R. Sharafat

This paper studies a communication game between an uninformed decision maker and two perfectly informed senders with conflicting interests. Senders can misreport information at a cost that increases with the size of the misrepresentation.…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2023-04-17 Federico Vaccari

This paper aims to connect epistemic and behavioral game theory by examining the epistemic foundations of quantal response equilibrium (QRE) in static games. We focus on how much information agents possess about the probability…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-03-14 Shuige Liu , Fabio Maccheroni

Opinion dynamics has recently been modeled from a game-theoretic perspective, where opinion updates are captured by individuals' cost functions representing their motivations. Conventional formulations aggregate multiple motivations into a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-11 Yuheng Luo , Chuanzhe Zhang , Qingsong Liu , Hai Zhu , Wenjun Mei