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In recent years, the growing demand for medical imaging diagnosis has placed a significant burden on radiologists. As a solution, Medical Vision-Language Pre-training (Med-VLP) methods have been proposed to learn universal representations…
A recent paper showed how to construct a lens that focuses near field radiation and hence produce resolution unlimited by wavelength. The prescription requires lossless materials with negative refractive index: finite loss cuts off the…
The widespread adoption of large language models such as ChatGPT and Bard has led to unprecedented demand for these technologies. The burgeoning cost of inference for ever-increasing model sizes coupled with hardware shortages has limited…
The classification of medical images is a pivotal aspect of disease diagnosis, often enhanced by deep learning techniques. However, traditional approaches typically focus on unimodal medical image data, neglecting the integration of diverse…
Multi-beam ptychography (MBP) offers a scalable solution to improve the throughput of state-of-the-art ptychography by increasing the number of coherent beams that illuminate the sample simultaneously. However, increasing the number of…
We describe a full-field coherent imaging approach suitable for hard X-rays based on a classical (i.e. Galilean) X-ray microscope. The method combines a series of low-resolution images acquired at different transverse lens positions into a…
Recent advances in pre-trained language models (PLMs) have demonstrated their capabilities in capturing universal knowledge, making them promising for radar signal processing applications. Nevertheless, directly fine-tuning PLMs on radar…
Imaging bundles provide a convenient way to translate a spatially coherent image, yet conventional imaging bundles made from silica fibre optics typically remain expensive with large losses due to poor filling factors (~40%). We present the…
Obtaining 3D information from a single X-ray exposure at high-brilliance sources, such as X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) [1] or diffraction-limited storage rings [2], allows the study of fast dynamical processes in their native…
We developed a UV-transparent lens array that can increase the photon detection efficiency of a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) array comprising of 64 pixels ($3\times3$ mm$^2$ each) and 0.2-mm gaps. Through the plano-convex spherical lens…
We developed a microdisplay-based microscope projection photolithography (MDMPP) technique in which a liquid crystal (LC) microdisplay is used as a reconfigurable photomask for a microscope projector. The LC microdisplay provides a…
Imaging with multiple modalities or multiple channels is becoming increasingly important for our modern society. A key tool for understanding and early diagnosis of cancer and dementia is PET-MR, a combined positron emission tomography and…
The super-oscillation lens (SOL) can achieve super-resolution focusing but have to trade-off with weaker hotspots and higher sidebands. We propose a single compound SOL to achieve reflective confocal imaging in principle without additional…
Plasma lensing provides compact focusing of electron beams, since they offer strong focusing fields (kT/m) in both planes simultaneously. This becomes particularly important for highly diverging beams with a large energy spread such as…
Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) typically extract visual features from the final layers of a pretrained Vision Transformer (ViT). This widespread deep-layer bias, however, is largely driven by empirical convention rather than…
Microplastics are pervasive pollutants that pose threats to the environment and human health. Detecting them reliably represents a crucial step toward finding solutions. While traditional techniques like vibrational and mass spectroscopies…
Accurate real-time simulation of lens optics remains challenging due to the computational expense of full ray tracing and the limitations of existing approximations. The commonly used pinhole model and thin-lens model ignore many optical…
The design and performance analysis of relay lenses that provide high-performance image transmission for target acquisition and tracking in military optical systems. Relay lenses are critical components for clear and lossless image…
The semantic representation of deep features is essential for image context understanding, and effective fusion of features with different semantic representations can significantly improve the model's performance on salient object…
Polarization image fusion combines S0 and DOLP images to reveal surface roughness and material properties through complementary texture features, which has important applications in camouflage recognition, tissue pathology analysis, surface…