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Active plasma lenses are compact devices developed as a promising beam-focusing alternative for charged particle beams, capable of short focal lengths for high-energy beams. We have previously shown that linear magnetic fields with…
Panchromatic (PAN) and multi-spectral (MS) image fusion, named Pan-sharpening, refers to super-resolve the low-resolution (LR) multi-spectral (MS) images in the spatial domain to generate the expected high-resolution (HR) MS images,…
We study full-reference image quality assessment from a machine-centric perspective, where images are evaluated by how well they preserve information for downstream models. We formulate machine-oriented quality as a latent machine utility…
Object-level Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM), which incorporates semantic information for high-level scene understanding, faces challenges of under-constrained optimization due to sparse observations. Prior work has introduced…
Conventional microscope objective lenses are diffraction limited, which means that they cannot resolve features smaller than half the illumination wavelength. Under white light illumination, such resolution limit is about 250-300 nm for an…
This study aimed to enhance disease classification accuracy from retinal fundus images by integrating fine-grained image features and global textual context using a novel multimodal deep learning architecture. Existing multimodal large…
We discuss strong gravitational lensing by multiple objects along any line of sight. The probability for strong gravitational lensing by more than one lens is small, but a number of strong lens systems in which more than one separate lens…
Recently, metamaterials have been introduced to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of magnetic resonance images with very promising results. However, the use polymers in the generation of high quality images in magnetic resonance…
A Photonic Lantern (PL) is a novel device that efficiently converts a multi-mode fiber into several single-mode fibers. When coupled with an extreme adaptive optics (ExAO) system and a spectrograph, PLs enable high throughput spectroscopy…
Multifold observations are common for different data modalities, e.g., a 3D shape can be represented by multi-view images and an image can be described with different captions. Existing cross-modal contrastive representation learning…
In strong gravitational lens systems, the light bending is usually dominated by one main galaxy, but may be affected by other mass along the line of sight (LOS). Shear and convergence can be used to approximate the contributions from less…
Flat lenses enable thinner, lighter, and simpler imaging systems. However, large-area and high-NA flat lenses have been elusive due to computational and fabrication challenges. Here, we applied inverse design to create a multi-level…
Materials synthesis platforms that are designed for autonomous experimentation are capable of collecting multimodal diagnostic data that can be utilized for feedback to optimize material properties. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is emerging…
Metalenses are optical devices that implement nanostructures as phase shifters to focus incident light. Their compactness and simple fabrication make them a potential cost-effective solution for increasing light collection efficiency in…
A muon collider would be a powerful tool for exploring the energy-frontier with leptons, and would complement the studies now under way at the LHC. Such a device would offer several important benefits. Muons, like electrons, are point…
One of the main challenges of fusion reactors based on magnetic mirrors is the axial particle loss through the loss cones. In multi-mirror (MM) systems, the particle loss is addressed by adding mirror cells on each end of the central fusion…
Light-field microscopy represents a promising solution for microscopic volumetric imaging, thanks to its capability to encode information on multiple planes in a single acquisition. This is achieved through its peculiar simultaneous capture…
A system for the automated detection of massive lesions in mammograms is presented. The approach we adopted is a pixel-based and multi-level one. Each pixel in a mammogram is flagged with the appropriate class membership, e.g. massive…
We are developing instrumentation for a telescope design capable of measuring linear X-ray polarization over a broad-band using conventional spectroscopic optics. Multilayer-coated mirrors are key to this approach, being used as Bragg…
In recent years, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in tasks like visual question answering and common sense reasoning, while visual perception models have made significant strides in perception…