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Graphons, short for graph functions, are limiting objects for sequences of large, finite graphs with respect to the so-called cut metric. In this expository piece, we define graphons, motivate them, and discuss how they complete the space…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-11-03 Daniel Glasscock

The theory of graphons has proven to be a powerful tool in many areas of graph theory. In this paper, we introduce several foundational aspects of the theory of digraphons -- asymmetric two-variable functions that arise as limits of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Jan Hladký , Petr Savický

We consider the problem of estimating graph limits, known as graphons, from observations of sequences of sparse finite graphs. In this paper we show a simple method that can shed light on a subset of sparse graphs. The method involves…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-08 Sevvandi Kandanaarachchi , Cheng Soon Ong

In this paper we research a model of multilayer circuits with a single logical layer. We consider $\lambda$-separable graphs as a support for circuits. We establish the Shannon function lower bound $\max \bigl(\frac{2^n}{n}, \frac{2^n (1 -…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-03-16 T. R. Sitdikov , G. V. Kalachev

The purpose of this paper is to extend the result of arXiv:1810.00823 to mixed H\"older functions on $[0,1]^d$ for all $d \ge 1$. In particular, we prove that by sampling an $\alpha$-mixed H\"older function $f : [0,1]^d \rightarrow…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2019-10-11 Nicholas F. Marshall

Wavelet set wavelets were the first examples of wavelets that may not have associated multiresolution analyses. Furthermore, they provided examples of complete orthonormal wavelet systems in $L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)$ which only require a single…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2012-10-30 Emily J. King

Suppose that $f$ belongs to a suitably defined complete metric space $ {{\cal C}}^{{\alpha}}$ of H\"older $ {\alpha}$-functions defined on $[0,1]$. We are interested in whether one can find large (in the sense of Hausdorff, or lower/upper…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2017-03-21 Zoltan Buczolich

We introduce a dense counterpart of graph degeneracy, which extends the recently-proposed invariant symmetric difference. We say that a graph has sd-degeneracy (for symmetric-difference degeneracy) at most $d$ if it admits an elimination…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Édouard Bonnet , Julien Duron , John Sylvester , Viktor Zamaraev

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are learning architectures that rely on knowledge of the graph structure to generate meaningful representations of large-scale network data. GNN stability is thus important as in real-world scenarios there are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Luana Ruiz , Zhiyang Wang , Alejandro Ribeiro

Let $n, d$ be integers with $1 \leq d \leq \left \lfloor \frac{n-1}{2} \right \rfloor$, and set $h(n,d):={n-d \choose 2} + d^2$. Erd\H{o}s proved that when $n \geq 6d$, each nonhamiltonian graph $G$ on $n$ vertices with minimum degree…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-04-07 Zoltán Füredi , Alexandr Kostochka , Ruth Luo

While Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are powerful models for learning representations on graphs, most state-of-the-art models do not have significant accuracy gain beyond two to three layers. Deep GNNs fundamentally need to address: 1).…

An $(n,d,\lambda)$-graph is a $d$ regular graph on $n$ vertices in which the absolute value of any nontrivial eigenvalue is at most $\lambda$. For any constant $d \geq 3$, $\epsilon>0$ and all sufficiently large $n$ we show that there is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-03-27 Noga Alon

We study the automorphism group of graphons (graph limits). We prove that after an appropriate "standardization" of the graphon, the automorphism group is compact. Furthermore, we characterize the orbits of the automorphism group on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-17 László Lovász , Balázs Szegedy

In this paper we consider the question of smoothness of slowly varying functions satisfying the modern definition that, in the last two decades, gained prevalence in the applications concerning function spaces and interpolation. We show,…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-11-06 Dalimil Peša

Recently, the theory of dense graph limits has received attention from multiple disciplines including graph theory, computer science, statistical physics, probability, statistics, and group theory. In this paper we initiate the study of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-09 Peter Diao , Dominique Guillot , Apoorva Khare , Bala Rajaratnam

Subgraph densities have been defined, and served as basic tools, both in the case of graphons (limits of dense graph sequences) and graphings (limits of bounded-degree graph sequences). While limit objects have been described for the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-05-11 Dávid Kunszenti-Kovács , László Lovász , Balázs Szegedy

The {\em overlap number} of a finite $(d+1)$-uniform hypergraph $H$ is defined as the largest constant $c(H)\in (0,1]$ such that no matter how we map the vertices of $H$ into $\R^d$, there is a point covered by at least a $c(H)$-fraction of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-05-11 Jacob Fox , Mikhail Gromov , Vincent Lafforgue , Assaf Naor , Janos Pach

Smooth parametrization consists in a subdivision of the mathematical objects under consideration into simple pieces, and then parametric representation of each piece, while keeping control of high order derivatives. The main goal of the…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2014-07-14 Y. Yomdin

Graphons are general and powerful models for generating graphs of varying size. In this paper, we propose to directly model graphons using neural networks, obtaining Implicit Graphon Neural Representation (IGNR). Existing work in modeling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Xinyue Xia , Gal Mishne , Yusu Wang

The $k$-sample $\mathbb{G}(k,W)$ from a graphon $W:[0,1]^2\to [0,1]$ is the random graph on $\{1,\dots,k\}$, where we sample $x_1,\dots,x_k\in [0,1]$ uniformly at random and make each pair $\{i,j\}\subseteq \{1,\dots,k\}$ an edge with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-26 Oliver Cooley , Mihyun Kang , Oleg Pikhurko