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In the future, artificial learning agents are likely to become increasingly widespread in our society. They will interact with both other learning agents and humans in a variety of complex settings including social dilemmas. We argue that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Tobias Baumann

Robotic learning for navigation in unfamiliar environments needs to provide policies for both task-oriented navigation (i.e., reaching a goal that the robot has located), and task-agnostic exploration (i.e., searching for a goal in a novel…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Ajay Sridhar , Dhruv Shah , Catherine Glossop , Sergey Levine

We propose a method, based on empirical game theory, for a robot operating as part of a team to choose its role within the team without explicitly communicating with team members, by leveraging its knowledge about the team structure. To do…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Fengjun Yang , Negar Mehr , Mac Schwager

Self-play, a learning paradigm where agents iteratively refine their policies by interacting with historical or concurrent versions of themselves or other evolving agents, has shown remarkable success in solving complex non-cooperative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Ruize Zhang , Zelai Xu , Chengdong Ma , Chao Yu , Wei-Wei Tu , Wenhao Tang , Shiyu Huang , Deheng Ye , Wenbo Ding , Yaodong Yang , Yu Wang

There is a recent trend of applying multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) to train an agent that can cooperate with humans in a zero-shot fashion without using any human data. The typical workflow is to first repeatedly run self-play…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Chao Yu , Jiaxuan Gao , Weilin Liu , Botian Xu , Hao Tang , Jiaqi Yang , Yu Wang , Yi Wu

We present a unified framework for multi-task locomotion and manipulation policy learning grounded in a contact-explicit representation. Instead of designing different policies for different tasks, our approach unifies the definition of a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Shafeef Omar , Majid Khadiv

When limited by their own morphologies, humans and some species of animals have the remarkable ability to use objects from the environment toward accomplishing otherwise impossible tasks. Robots might similarly unlock a range of additional…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Ziang Liu , Stephen Tian , Michelle Guo , C. Karen Liu , Jiajun Wu

Asymmetric self-play has emerged as a promising paradigm for post-training large language models, where a teacher continually generates questions for a student to solve at the edge of the student's learnability. Although these methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Swadesh Jana , Cansu Sancaktar , Tomáš Daniš , Georg Martius , Antonio Orvieto , Pavel Kolev

Learning visuomotor policy for multi-task robotic manipulation has been a long-standing challenge for the robotics community. The difficulty lies in the diversity of action space: typically, a goal can be accomplished in multiple ways,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Kun Wu , Yichen Zhu , Jinming Li , Junjie Wen , Ning Liu , Zhiyuan Xu , Jian Tang

Intrinsically motivated goal exploration algorithms enable machines to discover repertoires of policies that produce a diversity of effects in complex environments. These exploration algorithms have been shown to allow real world robots to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-11 Alexandre Péré , Sébastien Forestier , Olivier Sigaud , Pierre-Yves Oudeyer

In complex manipulation scenarios (e.g. tasks requiring complex interaction of two hands or in-hand manipulation), generalization is a hard problem. Current methods still either require a substantial amount of (supervised) training data and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-08-15 Simon Hangl , Emre Ugur , Sandor Szedmak , Justus Piater

A game theoretic distributed decision making approach is presented for the problem of control effort allocation in a robotic team based on a novel variant of fictitious play. The proposed learning process allows the robots to accomplish…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Michalis Smyrnakis , Sandor M. Veres

To successfully tackle challenging manipulation tasks, autonomous agents must learn a diverse set of skills and how to combine them. Recently, self-supervised agents that set their own abstract goals by exploiting the discovered structure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Andrii Zadaianchuk , Georg Martius , Fanny Yang

Learning from unstructured and uncurated data has become the dominant paradigm for generative approaches in language and vision. Such unstructured and unguided behavior data, commonly known as play, is also easier to collect in robotics but…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Lili Chen , Shikhar Bahl , Deepak Pathak

In hierarchical reinforcement learning a major challenge is determining appropriate low-level policies. We propose an unsupervised learning scheme, based on asymmetric self-play from Sukhbaatar et al. (2018), that automatically learns a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-26 Sainbayar Sukhbaatar , Emily Denton , Arthur Szlam , Rob Fergus

It is of significance for an agent to learn a widely applicable and general-purpose policy that can achieve diverse goals including images and text descriptions. Considering such perceptually-specific goals, the frontier of deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Jinxin Liu , Donglin Wang , Qiangxing Tian , Zhengyu Chen

While reinforcement learning provides an appealing formalism for learning individual skills, a general-purpose robotic system must be able to master an extensive repertoire of behaviors. Instead of learning a large collection of skills…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-10-28 Ashvin Nair , Shikhar Bahl , Alexander Khazatsky , Vitchyr Pong , Glen Berseth , Sergey Levine

In this paper we address the challenge of exploration in deep reinforcement learning for robotic manipulation tasks. In sparse goal settings, an agent does not receive any positive feedback until randomly achieving the goal, which becomes…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Nikola Vulin , Sammy Christen , Stefan Stevsic , Otmar Hilliges

A generalist robot must be able to complete a variety of tasks in its environment. One appealing way to specify each task is in terms of a goal observation. However, learning goal-reaching policies with reinforcement learning remains a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Stephen Tian , Suraj Nair , Frederik Ebert , Sudeep Dasari , Benjamin Eysenbach , Chelsea Finn , Sergey Levine

Behavioral skills or policies for autonomous agents are conventionally learned from reward functions, via reinforcement learning, or from demonstrations, via imitation learning. However, both modes of task specification have their…