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In 1995, the first author introduced a multivariate generating function {$G$} that tracks the distribution of ascents and descents in labeled binary trees. In addition to proving that $G$ is symmetric, he conjectured that $G$ is Schur…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-09-30 Ira M. Gessel , Sean T. Griffin , Vasu Tewari

In this paper, we classify all (complete) non elementary algebraic solutions of Garnier systems that can be constructed by Kitaev's method: they are deduced from isomonodromic deformations defined by pulling back a given fuchsian equation E…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2012-01-09 Karamoko Diarra

For arithmetic applications, we extend and refine our results in \cite{YZ} to allow ramifications in a minimal way. Starting with a possibly ramified quadratic extension $F'/F$ of function fields over a finite field in odd characteristic,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-06-16 Zhiwei Yun , Wei Zhang

Using the matrix-resolvent method and a formula of the second-named author on the $n$-point function for a KP tau-function, we show that the tau-function of an arbitrary solution to the Toda lattice hierarchy is a KP tau-function. We then…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2025-08-12 Di Yang , Jian Zhou

For any generalized Frobenius manifold with non-flat unity, we construct a bihamiltonian integrable hierarchy of hydrodynamic type which is an analogue of the Principal Hierarchy of a Frobenius manifold. We show that such an integrable…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2024-08-22 Si-Qi Liu , Haonan Qu , Youjin Zhang

Based on the matrix-resolvent approach, for an arbitrary solution to the discrete KdV hierarchy, we define the tau-function of the solution, and compare it with another tau-function of the solution defined via reduction of the Toda lattice…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-07-15 Boris Dubrovin , Di Yang

We define a dispersionless tau-symmetric bihamiltonian integrable hierarchy on the space of pairs of functions analytic inside/outside the unit circle with simple poles at $0$/$\infty$ respectively, which extends the dispersionless 2D Toda…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-12-14 Guido Carlet , Luca Philippe Mertens

We give a uniform, Lie-theoretic mirror symmetry construction for the Frobenius manifolds defined by Dubrovin-Zhang in arXiv:hep-th/9611200 on the orbit spaces of extended affine Weyl groups, including exceptional Dynkin types. The B-model…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2023-09-18 Andrea Brini , Karoline van Gemst

To each partition function of cohomological field theory one can associate an Hamiltonian integrable hierarchy of topological type. The Givental group acts on such partition functions and consequently on the associated integrable…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-12-16 Guido Carlet , Johan van de Leur , Hessel Posthuma , Sergey Shadrin

We derive Fredholm determinant and series representation of the tau function of the Fuji-Suzuki-Tsuda system and its multivariate extension, thereby generalizing to higher rank the results obtained for Painlev\'e VI and the Garnier system.…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-11-13 Pavlo Gavrylenko , Nikolai Iorgov , Oleg Lisovyy

Double Hurwitz numbers enumerate branched covers of $\mathbb{CP}^1$ with prescribed ramification over two points and simple ramification elsewhere. In contrast to the single case, their underlying geometry is not well understood. In…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2023-07-07 Gaëtan Borot , Norman Do , Maksim Karev , Danilo Lewański , Ellena Moskovsky

The bi-Hamiltonian structure of certain multi-component integrable systems, generalizations of the dispersionless Toda hierarchy, is studies for systems derived from a rational Lax function. One consequence of having a rational rather than…

solv-int · Physics 2020-12-16 I. A. B. Strachan

We present a partial generalization to Schubert calculus on flag varieties of the classical Littlewood-Richardson rule, in its version based on Schuetzenberger's jeu de taquin. More precisely, we describe certain structure constants…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-01-28 Cristian Lenart

We introduce a single tau function that represents the CKP hierarchy into a generalized Hirota "bilinear" equation. The actions on the tau function by additional symmetries for the hierarchy are calculated, which involve strictly more than…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2015-06-11 Liang Chang , Chao-Zhong Wu

The purpose of this article is to show that flat compact K\"ahler manifolds exhibit the structure of a Frobenius manifold, a structure originating in 2D Topological Quantum Field Theory and closely related to Joyce structure. As a result,…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-01-03 Noémie. C. Combe

We introduce multivariate rational generating series called Hall-Littlewood-Schubert ($\mathsf{HLS}_n$) series. They are defined in terms of polynomials related to Hall-Littlewood polynomials and semistandard Young tableaux. We show that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-28 Joshua Maglione , Christopher Voll

In this paper we generalize the Sato theory to the extended bigraded Toda hierarchy (EBTH). We revise the definition of the Lax equations,give the Sato equations, wave operators, Hirota bilinear identities (HBI) and show the existence of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2014-11-20 Chuanzhong Li , Jingsong He , Ke Wu , Yi Cheng

We construct a flat holomorphic line bundle over a connected component of the Hurwitz space of branched coverings of the Riemann sphere. A flat holomorphic connection defining the bundle is described in terms of the invariant Wirtinger…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Kokotov , D. Korotkin

A generalized Toda Lattice equation is considered. The associated linear problem (Lax representation) is found. For simple case N=3 the $\tau$-function Hirota form is presented that allows to construct an exast solutions of the equations of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2010-06-24 P. Yu. Tsyba , K. R. Esmakhanova , G. N. Nugmanova , R. Myrzakulov

We give a natural definition of open Hurwitz numbers, where the weight of each ramified covering includes an integer parameter $N$ taken to the power that is equal to the number of boundary components of a Riemann surface with boundary…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Alexandr Buryak , Ran J. Tessler , Mikhail Troshkin