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Multi-agent reinforcement learning, despite its popularity and empirical success, faces significant scalability challenges in large-population dynamic games. Graphon mean field games (GMFGs) offer a principled framework for approximating…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-06-09 Philipp Plank , Yufei Zhang

We study risk-sensitive multi-agent reinforcement learning under general-sum Markov games, where agents optimize the entropic risk measure of rewards with possibly diverse risk preferences. We show that using the regret naively adapted from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Yingjie Fei , Ruitu Xu

A class of nonzero-sum stochastic dynamic games with imperfect information structure is investigated. The game involves an arbitrary number of players, modeled as homogeneous Markov decision processes, aiming to find a sequential Nash…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-12-17 Jalal Arabneydi , Amir G. Aghdam

This paper provides theoretical bounds for empirical game theoretical analysis of complex multi-agent interactions. We provide insights in the empirical meta game showing that a Nash equilibrium of the meta-game is an approximate Nash…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-03-20 Karl Tuyls , Julien Perolat , Marc Lanctot , Joel Z Leibo , Thore Graepel

This paper considers the problem of designing optimal algorithms for reinforcement learning in two-player zero-sum games. We focus on self-play algorithms which learn the optimal policy by playing against itself without any direct…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Yu Bai , Chi Jin , Tiancheng Yu

Nash equilibria provide a principled framework for modeling interactions in multi-agent decision-making and control. However, many equilibrium-seeking methods implicitly assume that each agent has access to the other agents' objectives and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Mahdis Rabbani , Navid Mojahed , Shima Nazari

Multi-team games, prevalent in robotics and resource management, involve team members striving for a joint best response against other teams. Team-Nash equilibrium (TNE) predicts the outcomes of such coordinated interactions. However, can…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Ahmed Said Donmez , Yuksel Arslantas , Muhammed O. Sayin

The sim-to-real gap, where agents trained in a simulator face significant performance degradation during testing, is a fundamental challenge in reinforcement learning. Extansive works adopt the framework of distributionally robust RL, to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-12 Zewu Zheng , Yuanyuan Lin

We investigate convergence of decentralized fictitious play (DFP) in near-potential games, wherein agents preferences can almost be captured by a potential function. In DFP agents keep local estimates of other agents' empirical frequencies,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-01-31 Sarper Aydin , Sina Arefizadeh , Ceyhun Eksin

We formulate a general framework for competitive gradient-based learning that encompasses a wide breadth of multi-agent learning algorithms, and analyze the limiting behavior of competitive gradient-based learning algorithms using dynamical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-21 Eric Mazumdar , Lillian J. Ratliff , S. Shankar Sastry

Fictitious play is a popular learning algorithm in which players that utilize the history of actions played by the players and the knowledge of their own payoff matrix can converge to the Nash equilibrium under certain conditions on the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Bhaskar Vundurthy , Aris Kanellopoulos , Vijay Gupta , Kyriakos Vamvoudakis

Fictitious play (FP) is a well-studied algorithm that enables agents to learn Nash equilibrium in games with certain reward structures. However, when agents have no prior knowledge of the reward functions, FP faces a major challenge: the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Semih Kara , Tamer Başar

Multiplayer games with selfish agents naturally occur in the design of distributed and embedded systems. As the goals of selfish agents are usually neither equivalent nor antagonistic to each other, such games are non zero-sum games. We…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-12-19 Thomas Brihaye , Julie De Pril , Sven Schewe

The Nash equilibrium is an important benchmark for behaviour in systems of strategic autonomous agents. Polymatrix games are a succinct and expressive representation of multiplayer games that model pairwise interactions between players. The…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-03-17 Argyrios Deligkas , John Fearnley , Tobenna Peter Igwe , Rahul Savani

We propose a novel neural network architecture, called Non-Trainable Modification (NTM), for computing Nash equilibria in stochastic differential games (SDGs) on graphs. These games model a broad class of graph-structured multi-agent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Ruimeng Hu , Jihao Long , Haosheng Zhou

In this paper,we mainly focus on the numerical solution of high-dimensional stochastic optimal control problem driven by fully-coupled forward-backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDEs in short) through deep learning. We first…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-08-21 Shaolin Ji , Shige Peng , Ying Peng , Xichuan Zhang

We consider learning Nash equilibria in two-player zero-sum Markov Games with nonlinear function approximation, where the action-value function is approximated by a function in a Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS). The key challenge is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-11 Chris Junchi Li , Dongruo Zhou , Quanquan Gu , Michael I. Jordan

We study mean field portfolio games with random market parameters, where each player is concerned with not only her own wealth but also relative performance to her competitors. We use the martingale optimality principle approach to…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2022-04-26 Guanxing Fu , Chao Zhou

In the theory of multi-agent systems, deception refers to the strategic manipulation of information to influence the behavior of other agents, ultimately altering the long-term dynamics of the entire system. Recently, this concept has been…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-27 Michael Tang , Miroslav Krstic , Jorge Poveda

The theory of mean field games aims at studying deterministic or stochastic differential games (Nash equilibria) as the number of agents tends to infinity. Since very few mean field games have explicit or semi-explicit solutions, numerical…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-03-11 Yves Achdou , Mathieu Laurière