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Modern robotic systems frequently engage in complex multi-agent interactions, many of which are inherently multi-modal, i.e., they can lead to multiple distinct outcomes. To interact effectively, robots must recognize the possible…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Maulik Bhatt , Iman Askari , Yue Yu , Ufuk Topcu , Huazhen Fang , Negar Mehr

The paper is concerned with distributed learning in large-scale games. The well-known fictitious play (FP) algorithm is addressed, which, despite theoretical convergence results, might be impractical to implement in large-scale settings due…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-17 Brian Swenson , Soummya Kar , Joao Xavier

Mean-field games with common noise provide a powerful framework for modeling the collective behavior of large populations subject to shared randomness, such as systemic risk in finance or environmental shocks in economics. These problems…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-13 Ruimeng Hu , Botao Jin , Mathieu Laurière , Jiacheng Zhang

In this work, we extend deep learning-based numerical methods to fully coupled forward-backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDEs) within a non-Markovian framework. Error estimates and convergence are provided. In contrast to the…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-11-25 Hasib Uddin Molla , Matthew Backhouse , Ankit Banarjee , Jinniao Qiu

This thesis is going to give a gentle introduction to Mean Field Games. It aims to produce a coherent text beginning for simple notions of deterministic control theory progressively to current Mean Field Games theory. The framework…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-07-03 Athanasios Vasiliadis

Reinforcement learning from self-play has recently reported many successes. Self-play, where the agents compete with themselves, is often used to generate training data for iterative policy improvement. In previous work, heuristic rules are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Yuanyi Zhong , Yuan Zhou , Jian Peng

Markov games model interactions among multiple players in a stochastic, dynamic environment. Each player in a Markov game maximizes its expected total discounted reward, which depends upon the policies of the other players. We formulate a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-11 Shenghui Chen , Yue Yu , David Fridovich-Keil , Ufuk Topcu

We study decentralized learning in two-player zero-sum discounted Markov games where the goal is to design a policy optimization algorithm for either agent satisfying two properties. First, the player does not need to know the policy of the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Zhuoqing Song , Jason D. Lee , Zhuoran Yang

Many real-world domains contain multiple agents behaving strategically with probabilistic transitions and uncertain (potentially infinite) duration. Such settings can be modeled as stochastic games. While algorithms have been developed for…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Sam Ganzfried , Conner Laughlin , Charles Morefield

This work proposes a novel set of techniques for approximating a Nash equilibrium in a finite, normal-form game. It achieves this by constructing a new reformulation as solving a parameterized system of multivariate polynomials with tunable…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Ian Gemp

We study a general class of fully coupled backward-forward stochastic differential equations of mean-field type (MF-BFSDE). We derive existence and uniqueness results for such a system under weak monotonicity assumptions and without the…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-03-03 Yinggu Chen , Boualem Djehiche , Said Hamadene

In this article, we concern a kind of partially observed non-zero sum stochastic differential game based on forward and backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDEs). It is required that each player has his own observation equation,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-01-05 Jie Xiong , Shuaiqi Zhang , Yi Zhuang

We study Nash equilibria for a sequence of symmetric $N$-player stochastic games of finite-fuel capacity expansion with singular controls and their mean-field game (MFG) counterpart. We construct a solution of the MFG via a simple iterative…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-01-19 Luciano Campi , Tiziano De Angelis , Maddalena Ghio , Giulia Livieri

Fictitious play (FP) is one of the most fundamental game-theoretical learning frameworks for computing Nash equilibrium in $n$-player games, which builds the foundation for modern multi-agent learning algorithms. Although FP has provable…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Yurong Chen , Xiaotie Deng , Chenchen Li , David Mguni , Jun Wang , Xiang Yan , Yaodong Yang

The Control as Inference (CAI) framework has successfully transformed single-agent reinforcement learning (RL) by reframing control tasks as probabilistic inference problems. However, the extension of CAI to multi-agent, general-sum…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Zhiyu Zhao , Haifeng Zhang

In the study of reactive systems, qualitative properties are usually easier to model and analyze than quantitative properties. This is especially true in systems where mutually beneficial cooperation between agents is possible, such as…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Senthil Rajasekaran , Suguman Bansal , Moshe Y. Vardi

We study the performance of the gradient play algorithm for stochastic games (SGs), where each agent tries to maximize its own total discounted reward by making decisions independently based on current state information which is shared…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Runyu Zhang , Zhaolin Ren , Na Li

We investigate the convergence of symmetric stochastic differential games with interactions via control, where the volatility terms of both idiosyncratic and common noises are controlled. We apply the stochastic maximum principle, following…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-02-19 Erhan Bayraktar , Hiroaki Horikawa

We investigate a time-inconsistent, non-Markovian finite-player game in continuous time, where each player's objective functional depends non-linearly on the expected value of the state process. As a result, the classical Bellman optimality…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-12-10 Dylan Possamaï , Chiara Rossato

We are concerned with finding Nash Equilibria in agent-based multi-cluster games, where agents are separated into distinct clusters. While the agents inside each cluster collaborate to achieve a common goal, the clusters are considered to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-19 Jan Zimmermann , Tatiana Tatarenko , Volker Willert , Jürgen Adamy