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Patient-voiced clinical-triage benchmarks report high under-triage rates for consumer LLMs for constrained multiple-choice output, yet the same cases score differently with free-text. We ask whether output format changes the model's…

According to PBS, nearly one-third of Americans lack access to primary care services, and another forty percent delay going to avoid medical costs. As a result, many diseases are left undiagnosed and untreated, even if the disease shows…

In cancer research, profiling studies have been extensively conducted, searching for genes/SNPs associated with prognosis. Cancer is a heterogeneous disease. Examining similarity and difference in the genetic basis of multiple subtypes of…

A mutation in the DNA of a single cell that compromises its function initiates leukemia,leading to the overproduction of immature white blood cells that encroach upon the space required for the generation of healthy blood cells.Leukemia is…

Epilepsy is a disorder characterised by spontaneous, recurrent seizures. Both local and network abnormalities have been associated with epilepsy, and the exact processes generating seizures are thought to be heterogeneous and…

Synthetic lethality refers to a combination of two or more genetic events (typically affecting different genes) in which the co-occurrence of the events results in cell or organismal lethality, but the cell or organism remains viable when…

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the leading cause of severe non-traumatic disability in young adults and its incidence is increasing worldwide. The variability of gait impairment in MS necessitates the development of a non-invasive, sensitive,…

The widely used genetic pleiotropic analysis of multiple phenotypes are often designed for examining the relationship between common variants and a few phenotypes. They are not suited for both high dimensional phenotypes and high…

Complex diseases are caused by a multitude of factors that may differ between patients. As a result, hypothesis tests comparing all patients to all healthy controls can detect many significant variables with inconsequential effect sizes. A…

The scarcity of high-quality annotated medical data, particularly in mental health, poses a significant bottleneck for training robust machine learning models. Privacy regulations restrict data sharing, making synthetic data generation a…

Background: Synthetic lethality (SL) refers to the genetic interaction between two or more genes where only their co-alteration (e.g. by mutations, amplifications or deletions) results in cell death. In recent years, SL has emerged as an…

Interpretability is a key factor in the design of automatic classifiers for medical diagnosis. Deep learning models have been proven to be a very effective classification algorithm when trained in a supervised way with enough data. The main…

Length of stay (LOS) prediction in acute stroke is critical for improving care planning. Existing machine learning models have shown suboptimal predictive performance, limited generalisability, and have overlooked system-level factors. We…

Difficult-to-treat depression (DTD) has been proposed as a broader and more clinically comprehensive perspective on a person's depressive disorder where despite treatment, they continue to experience significant burden. We sought to develop…

Stroke remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, imposing a heavy socioeconomic burden. Advances in endovascular reperfusion therapy and CT and MR imaging for treatment guidance have significantly improved patient outcomes.…

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease occurs due to plaque accumulation in the inner artery wall. In atherosclerotic plaque formation monocytes and macrophages play a significant role in controlling the disease dynamics. In the…

In practice, clinicians achieve a diagnosis by following a sequence of steps, such as laboratory exams, observations, or imaging. The pathways to reach diagnosis decisions are documented by guidelines authored by expert organizations, which…

The growing prevalence and complexity of mental health disorders present significant challenges for accurate diagnosis and treatment, particularly in understanding the interplay between co-occurring conditions. Mental health disorders, such…

Epilepsy is a neurological brain disorder which life threatening and gives rise to recurrent seizures that are unprovoked. It occurs due to the abnormal chemical changes in our brain. Over the course of many years, studies have been…

Spitzoid lesions broadly categorized into Spitz Nevus (SN), Atypical Spitz Tumors (AST), and Spitz Melanomas (SM). The accurate diagnosis of these lesions is one of the most challenges for dermapathologists; this is due to the high…